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. 2021 Mar 19;11:6431. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85770-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Analysis of the blinking behavior and nearest neighbor distance of schools of A. katoptron in Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia. (a) Analysis of blink frequencies of A. katoptron in the cave, at the reef flat and during avoidance. Blink frequencies were calculated by analyzing alternating light organ exposure and occlusion (cave n = 709; reef flat n = 444 and avoidance n = 478). (b) Mean light organ exposure and occlusion of A. katoptron in the cave (open n = 823; closed n = 761), at the reef flat (open n = 502; closed n = 445) and during avoidance (open n = 516; closed n = 478). Upper lines refer to stimulation as seen in (a). (c) Relative distribution of blink frequencies of A. katoptron observed while resting in the cave (c1), at the reef flat (c2) and during avoidance (c3). Bars represent histogram with bin size of 0.6 Hz. Distribution was fitted with a normal (Gaussian) distribution. (d) Analysis of the nearest neighbor distance of A. katoptron on the reef flat (n = 37) and during avoidance (n = 46). Nearest neighbor distance is given as standard length (SL). (e) Example still images of the videos of A. katoptron schooling during day in the cave (e1), during the night on the reef flat (e2) and during avoidance behavior in the night (e3). Figures were created with SigmaPlot 12.0 (www.sigmaplot.co.uk) and processed with CorelDraw Graphics Suite 2017 (www.coreldraw.com). Significance values are reported as: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Error bars indicate ± SEM.