Table 2.
Light extraction efficiency enhancement and corresponding strategies in recent reports on PeLEDs
| Year | Emitting materials | Device structure | Light extraction strategy and efficiency | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | (NMA)2FAn−1PbnI3n+1 - Polymer | Glass/ITO/MZO/PEIE/PPBH/TFB-PFO/MoOx/Au | Reduced refractive index (1.9) of PPBH; thin emissive layer; LEE: ~25%; | 16 |
| 2018 | Cs0.2FA0.8PbI2.8Br0.2 | Glass/ITO/Poly-TPD/Perovskite/TPBi/Al | Thin emitting layers; EQE 17.6% (IR) | 168 |
| 2018 | 5-AVA/FAPbI3 | Glass/ITO/ZnO-PEIE/Organic layer/Perovskite/TFB/MoOx/Au | EQE 20.7% (green); light extraction efficiency from 20% to more than 30% | 17 |
| 2019 | BA: CH3NH3PbBr3 (Br-Pero) | Glass/Epoxy/AAM(TiO2)/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite/F8/Ca/Ag | Nanophotonic substrate (light coupler optical antennas); EQE 17.5% (green); LEE from 10–20% to more than70%; | 199 |
| 2019 | Modified CsPbBr3 | Glass/ITO/moth-eye ZnO/PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite/TPBi/LiF/Al | Moth-eye ZnO injection layer + half-ball lens; EQE 28.2% (green) | 200 |
| 2019 | MAPbI3 | Glass/NHAs/ITO/Poly-TPD/Perovskite/TPBi/LiF/Al | Nanohole array with high-index contrast; peak EQE 14.6% (red/near IR); 1.64 times light extraction enhancement | 201 |
| 2020 | (PEA)2Csn−1PbnBr3n+1 | ITO/PVK/Perovskite/TPBi/LiF/Al | Photon recycling; photonic structure control; an out-coupling efficiency of 100% is theoretically possible | 159 |
| 2020 | MABr modified CsPbBr3 PNW | Glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite PNWs/TPBi/Cathode | Perovskite PNWs; EQE 16% (green); LEE from 10–20% to 40−50% | 202 |
| 2020 | 3D, quasi-3D, and quasi-2D | Glass/ITO/UT-PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite/B3PYMPM/LiF/Al | Ultrathin PEDOT:PSS; EQE enhancements 42% 87% 111% for 3D, quasi-3D and quasi-2D, respectively; | 160 |
| 2020 | (NMA)2FAn−1PbnI3n+1 | Glass/Au/ZnO/PEIE/MQW-Perovskite/TFB/MoO3/Au | Microcavity top-emission; the enhanced microcavity effect; EQE 20.2% | 29 |
| 2021 | (PEA/IPA)2Csn−1PbnBr3n+1; | Glass/ITO/NiOx/PVK/Sky-blue Perovskite/TPBi/LiF/Al/Ag/LiF/Red PeNCs | Extract both waveguide and SPP modes | 154 |