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. 2021 Mar 19;11:6407. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85707-3

Table 4.

Dry matter intake (DMI), yields of milk and milk components, and feed-use efficiency of lactating Holstein cows fed different doses of an Aspergillus oryzae (AO) postbiotic under heat stress conditions. Data are least squares means (LSM) ± SEM. BW body weight, BCS body condition score, CTL control treatment. a,bSuperscripts denote AO dose differences among LSM (0.05 < P ≤ 0.10). CTL vs. AO denotes contrast between CTL and AO postbiotic.

Item AO dose, g/day SEM P-value Polynomial contrasts (P-value)
0 3 6 18 CTL vs. AO Linear Quadratic Cubic
DMI, kg/day 24.2 24.8 24.7 24.0 0.304 0.500 0.387 0.318 0.637
Milk, kg/day 34.5 37.1 37.6 36.8 1.19 0.065 0.560 0.095 0.438
Energy-corrected milk (ECM), kg/day 36.4b 40.3a 40.2a 37.6b 0.600 < 0.001 0.403 < 0.001 0.062
True protein, kg/day 0.98b 1.07a 1.06a 0.97b 0.017 0.013 0.010 < 0.001 0.071
True protein, % 2.85a 2.88a 2.84a 2.66b 0.027 0.114 < 0.001 0.056 0.465
Fat, kg/day 1.37b 1.54a 1.53a 1.41b 0.036 0.004 0.366 < 0.001 0.090
Fat, % 3.99ab 4.17a 4.11a 3.85b 0.086 0.601 0.033 0.094 0.315
Lactose, kg/day 1.69b 1.79a 1.81a 1.75ab 0.031 0.015 0.839 0.005 0.521
Lactose, % 4.91a 4.80b 4.82b 4.79b 0.025 0.001 0.044 0.099 0.061
Solids non-fat, kg/day 2.96b 3.16a 3.18a 3.02b 0.051 0.010 0.495 < 0.001 0.279
Solids non-fat, % 8.60a 8.51a 8.49a 8.29b 0.040 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.961 0.422
Somatic cell count, × 103 cells/mL 605a 287ab 320ab 231b 78.3 0.016 0.021 0.307 0.318
Milk/DMI 1.47 1.51 1.53 1.56 0.031 0.116 0.056 0.485 0.830
ECM/DMI 1.58 1.60 1.59 1.61 0.035 0.628 0.515 0.994 0.714
Initial BW, kg 686 700 716 673 15.2 0.588 0.223 0.073 0.771
Final BW, kg 696 712 735 672 22.6 0.705 0.203 0.097 0.729
Initial BCS 3.04 2.98 3.10 3.01 0.112 0.968 0.978 0.646 0.461
Final BCS 3.17 3.02 3.07 3.04 0.092 0.259 0.671 0.835 0.328