The time course of typical trial in Experiment 1 in (A) the exemplar–state task and (B) the exemplar task. In both tasks, participants had to remember all four initial objects as accurately as possible. Then, after a delay, they had to perform two simultaneous two-alternative forced choice memory tests, picking the correct item at each spatial location. In the exemplar–state task, this meant picking the correct state for each exemplar. In the exemplar task, this meant picking the correct exemplar in each spatial location.