Table 3.
Prevalence of Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. infections and co-infections according to selected risk factors.
| No | Babesia (149)∗ | Theileria (15) | Anaplasma (61) | Babesia/Theileria (2) | Babesia/Anaplasma (22) | Theileria/Anaplasma (4) | AOR∗∗ (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | |||||||||
| 6–12 M | 208 | 42 (20.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 22 (10.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.30 (0.75–7.52) | 0.290 |
| 12–24 M | 145 | 34 (23.4%) | 6 (4.1%) | 12 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (7.6%) | 3 (2.1%) | 2.10 (0.75–3.25) | |
| 24–36 M | 207 | 39 (18.8%) | 7 (3.4%) | 21 (10.2) | 2 (1.0%) | 5 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2.80 (1.75–13.75) | |
| >36 M | 110 | 34 (30.9%) | 2 (1.8%) | 6 (5.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | Reference | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 295 | 72 (24.4%) | 4 (1.4%) | 23 (7.8%) | 2 (0.7%) | 8 (2.7%) | 1 (0.3%) | 2.25 (1.05–9.75) | 0.691 |
| Female | 375 | 77 (20.5%) | 11 (2.9%) | 38 (10.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 14 (3.7%) | 3 (0.8%) | ||
| Species | |||||||||
| Cattle | 490 | 107 (21.8%) | 4 (0.8%) | 49 (10.0%) | 2 (0.4%) | 20 (4.0%) | 4 (0.8%) | 0.95 (2.25–7.75) | 0.110 |
| Buffaloes | 180 | 42 (23.3%) | 11 (6.1%) | 12 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | Reference | |
| Cattle breed | |||||||||
| Native | 250 | 27 (10.8%) | 1 (0.4%) | 35 (14%) | 1 (0.4%) | 16 (6.4%) | 3 (1.2%) | 0.80 (0.75–2.90) | 0.040 |
| Crossbred | 240 | 80 (33.3%) | 3 (1.3%) | 14 (5.8%) | 1 (0.4%) | 4 (1.7%) | 1 (0.4%) | Reference | |
| Hard Ticks | |||||||||
| Infected | 328 | 127 (38.7%) | 9 (2.7%) | 53 (16.2%) | 2 (0.6%) | 20 (6.1%) | 4 (1.2%) | 0.55 (0.25–2.10) | 0.292 |
| Non-infected | 342 | 22 (6.4%) | 6 (1.8%) | 18 (5.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | Reference | |
∗Number of the positive blood parasite cases. ∗∗ AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = Confidence interval.