Table 2.

Non-synonymous mutations and codons under positive selection.

Virus	No. of sequences	Gene region	Lengtha	dN and indel		Positive selection
				No. of codons	P value*b	No. of codons	P value*b
		S	1172	121		15
HCoV-229Eb	59	S1	688	92	<0.0001	14	0.0060
		RBD	142	34	<0.0001	6	0.0380
		S	1362	217		44
HCoV-OC43b	148	S1	766	152	<0.0001	38	<0.0001
		RBD	296	71	0.0225	23	0.0045
		HA	566	165		17
IAV H3N2b	477	HA1	330	134	<0.0001	15	0.0192
		RBD	217	95	0.0143	13	0.0807

^aAmino acid residues.

^bGene lengths according to GenBank nos. MH048989 for HCoV-229E, AY903460 for HCoV-OC43, and CY173187 for IAV H3N2.

^*Statistical significance according to χ² tests.

indel, insert-deletion mutations; S, spike.