Fig. 1.

TNF-α levels were measured in serum collected from Healthy controls and COVID-19 patients before ‘baseline’ and 7 days after tocilizumab. Data shown are those of all the patients treated with tocilizumab and who were able to provide a pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment serum (up-to-date serum +7). Of the 25 patients treated with tocilizumab, pre-treatment and post-treatment serum analyses were available for 18 patients represented according to their outcome; mortality before day 30 (left panel) and response to tocilizumab (right panel). Baseline TNF-α serum levels were significantly higher at baseline in patients who eventually died of Covid19 (left panel). Post-tocilizumab TNF-α serum levels were significantly increasing in patients who did not favourably respond to tocilizumab (right panel).