Table 1.

Model parameter estimates for our proposed model (1). Since the exact mode of transmission for SARS-CoV-2 is still under effective investigation, these parameters are subject to change and variations as time traverse.

Parameter	Definition	Range	Ghana	Egypt	Source
$\alpha$	Transition rate from the $S$ to the $S_p$ class per day	0.0333 – 0.0677	0.0333	0.0339	Fitted
$\omega$	Transition rate from the $S_p$ to the $S$ class per day	$1.6945\times {10}^{-5}$ – 0.500	$1.6945\times {10}^{-5}$	0.0020	Fitted
$\beta$	Transmission rate from the infectious classes to the $S$ class per day	0.5250 – 0.9250	0.5250	0.6920	Fitted
$q=(1-{\beta }_1)$	Reduced transmission rate from the infectious classes to the $S_p$ class per day	0.0048 – 0.2180	0.0048	0.0182	Fitted
${\eta }_0$	Relative transmissibility in the first incubation phase ($E$ class)	0.0664 – 0.0629	0.0664	0.0629	Fitted
${\eta }_1$	Relative transmissibility in the second incubation phase (asymptomatic individuals) dimensionless	0.5713 – 0.6776	0.5713	0.5776	Fitted
${\eta }_2$	Relative transmissibility of hospitalized individuals	0.4463 – 0.600	0.5642	0.4463	Fitted
$f$	The proportion of individuals from exposure to symptomatic	0.0268 - 0.0648	0.0268	0.0522	Fitted
$(1-f)\rho$	Progression from exposed to asymptomatic	$(1-0.0648)\times 0.1763-(1-0.0310)\times 0.1923$	$(1-0.0268)\times 0.1849$	$(1-0.0522)\times 0.1733$	Fitted
$\gamma$	Progression from exposed to severely infected per day	0.0714 – 0.1923	0.1923	0.1923	[27]
$\sigma$	Rate of progression from asymptomatic to severely infected	0.0025 – 0.1923	0.0025	0.0408	Fitted
$\delta$	Rate of progression from severely infected to hospitalized (or Isolated) per day	0.1264 – 0.5534	0.1264	0.5114	Fitted
$\nu$	Rate of progression from quarantine to hospitalized (or Isolated)	0.1518 – 0.3861	0.1518	0.2847	Fitted
$\tau$	Rate of quarantine	variable	0.1706	0.2	Fitted
$\varphi$	Rate of natural recovery from the asymptomatic stage per day	0.3309 – 0.3256	0.3309	0.3209	Fitted
$r$	Rate of recovery	0.1510 – 0.2229	0.0714	0.2229	Fitted
$k$	Rate of death from $H$	0.0102 – 0.0533	0.0102	0.0533	Estimated
$d$	Rate of death from $I_s$	0.0099 – 0.0500	0.0048	0.0425	Fitted