Table 2.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Tracheal Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection
| Characteristics | Squamous Cell Carcinoma (n = 81) | Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (n = 137) | Other Malignancy (n = 67) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y | 65 (56–72) | 54 (44–63) | 59 (42–68) | <.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 20 (24.7) | 69 (50.4) | 27 (40.3) | .001 |
| Male | 61 (75.3) | 68 (49.6) | 40 (59.7) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 68 (83.9) | 107 (78.1) | 57 (85.1) | .38 |
| Not white | 13 (16.1) | 30 (21.9) | 10 (14.9) | |
| High education level | ||||
| Yes | 48 (59.3) | 83 (60.6) | 41 (61.2) | .80 |
| No | 31 (38.3) | 52 (38.0) | 26 (38.8) | |
| Unknown | 2 (2.5) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| High income | ||||
| Yes | 43 (53.1) | 81 (59.1) | 40 (59.7) | .68 |
| No | 36 (44.4) | 54 (39.4) | 27 (40.3) | |
| Unknown | 2 (2.5) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Charlson comorbidity score | ||||
| 0 | 51 (63.0) | 96 (70.1) | 54 (80.6) | .021 |
| 1 | 20 (24.7) | 36 (26.3) | 8 (11.9) | |
| >1 | 10 (12.3) | 5 (3.6) | 5 (7.5) | |
| Treating facility | ||||
| Academic/research center | ||||
| Yes | 49 (60.5) | 75 (54.7) | 38 (56.7) | .71 |
| No | 32 (39.5) | 62 (45.3) | 29 (43.3) | |
| Travel distance, miles | 18.7 (7.1–90.4) | 14.4 (9.0–56.4) | 45.0 (12.0–91.7) | .009 |
| Disease characteristics | ||||
| Tumor size | ||||
| <2 cm | 24 (29.6) | 31 (22.6) | 29 (43.3) | .024 |
| 2–5 cm | 51 (63.0) | 82 (59.9) | 31 (46.3) | |
| >5 cm | 1 (1.2) | 9 (6.6) | 4 (6.0) | |
| Unknown | 5 (6.2) | 15 (11.0) | 3 (4.5) | |
| Tumor extension | ||||
| Local/confined to trachea | 45 (55.6) | 74 (54.0) | 44 (65.7) | .30 |
| Invades adjacent structures | 35 (43.2) | 63 (46.0) | 22 (32.8) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | |
| Lymph node metastases | ||||
| No | 25 (30.9) | 52 (38.0) | 23 (34.3) | .26 |
| Yes | 12 (14.8) | 13 (9.5) | 3 (4.5) | |
| Unknown | 44 (54.3) | 72 (52.6) | 41 (61.2) | |
| Margins status | ||||
| Negative | 44 (54.3) | 49 (35.8) | 52 (77.6) | <.001 |
| Positive | 31 (38.3) | 80 (58.4) | 10 (14.9) | |
| Unknown | 6 (7.4) | 8 (5.8) | 5 (7.5) | |
| Treatment details | ||||
| Extent of resection | ||||
| Simple/total resection | 75 (92.6) | 122 (89.1) | 55 (82.1) | .13 |
| Radical resection (adjacent organs) | 6 (7.4) | 15 (10.9) | 12 (17.9) | |
| Lymphadenectomy | ||||
| Yes | 39 (48.2) | 68 (49.6) | 30 (44.8) | .97 |
| No | 40 (49.4) | 65 (47.5) | 35 (52.2) | |
| Unknown | 2 (2.5) | 4 (2.9) | 2 (3.0) | |
| Perioperative outcomes | ||||
| Length of stay, days | 6 (3–11) | 7 (4–10) | 7 (4–8) | .74 |
| Readmission in 30 days | ||||
| Yes | 5 (6.2) | 8 (5.8) | 4 (6.0) | .96 |
| No | 72 (88.9) | 121 (88.3) | 61 (91.0) | |
| Unknown | 4 (4.9) | 8 (5.8) | 2 (3.0) | |
| Mortality, 30 days | ||||
| Yes | 2 (2.5) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | .20 |
| No | 72 (88.9) | 125 (91.2) | 56 (83.6) | |
| Unknown | 7 (8.6) | 10 (7.3) | 11 (16.4) | |
| Mortality, 90 days | ||||
| Yes | 5 (6.2) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | .033 |
| No | 67 (82.7) | 124 (90.5) | 55 (82.1) | |
| Unknown | 9 (11.2) | 11 (8.0) | 12 (17.9) | |
| Adjuvant treatment | ||||
| Radiation | ||||
| Yes | 40 (49.4) | 102 (74.5) | 20 (29.9) | <.001 |
| No | 38 (46.9) | 32 (23.4) | 45 (67.2) | |
| Unknown | 3 (3.7) | 3 (2.2) | 2 (3.0) | |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| Yes | 20 (24.7) | 13 (9.5) | 11 (16.4) | .041 |
| No | 57 (70.4) | 115 (83.9) | 54 (80.6) | |
| Unknown | 4 (4.9) | 9 (6.6) | 2 (3.0) | |
Values are median (interquartile range) or n (%).