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. 2021 Jan 8;70(4):932–943. doi: 10.2337/db20-0937

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Duration at which autoantibodies (AAb) are most informative for C-peptide detection. Model representation illustrating the duration at which each autoantibody is most informative for C-peptide detection odds when age at disease onset is set to either the 20th percentile (6.0 years [A]) or the 80th percentile (15.7 years [B]). Boxes span the disease duration (x-axis) at which the autoantibody effect on C-peptide is >95th percentile across all duration times. The y-axis represents the effect size of each autoantibody on C-peptide detection odds. For illustration of how GRS modulates the duration at which autoantibodies are most informative in the model, each autoantibody is shown for when GRS is set to the 80th percentile and the 20th percentile. A: Duration at which GADA, IA–2A, and ZnT8A levels are informative for C-peptide detection odds when age at disease onset is set to the 20th percentile (6.0 years). At this younger onset age, GRS did not affect the duration interval at which GADA (dark- and light-red boxes) or IA–2A (dark- and light-blue boxes) were informative for C-peptide detection odds. GRS did affect the duration interval at which ZnT8A were informative for C-peptide detection odds: when GRS was high, ZnT8A titer was most informative for C-peptide detection odds from 0 to 3 years’ duration (dark-green box). When GRS was low, ZnT8A titer was most informative for C-peptide detection odds at 3.2–6.2 years’ duration (light-green box). B: Duration at which GADA, IA–2A, and ZnT8A levels are informative for C-peptide detection odds when age at disease onset is set to the 80th percentile (15.7 years). At this older onset age, GRS did not affect the duration interval at which IA–2A (dark- and light-blue boxes) or ZnT8A (dark- and light-green boxes) are informative for C-peptide detection odds. GRS did affect the duration interval at which GADA titer was most informative for C-peptide detection odds: when GRS was high, GADA titer was most informative at 1.5–4.5 years’ duration (dark-red box). When GRS was low, GADA titer was most informative for C-peptide detection odds at 2.8–5.8 years’ duration (light-red box). %tile, percentile.