Table 1.
Summary of demographic and genetic data for cross-sectional and longitudinal study subjects
| All | Cross-sectional | Longitudinal | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total N | 401 | 382 | 19 |
| Age at sample collection, years | 19.5 ± 11.9 | 19.5 ± 11.9 | 20.4 ± 12.0 |
| Age at onset, years | 12.0 ± 9.1 | 11.9 ± 9.2 | 13.1 ± 5.4 |
| T1D duration, years | 7.5 ± 9.1 | 7.5 ± 9.0 | 7.2 ± 11.1 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Hispanic | 41 (10.2) | 41 (10.7) | 0 (0) |
| Non-Hispanic | 329 (82) | 311 (81.4) | 18 (94.7) |
| Not reported | 31 (7.7) | 30 (7.9) | 1 (5.3) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Female | 208 (51.9) | 198 (51.8) | 10 (52.6) |
| Male | 193 (48.1) | 184 (48.2) | 9 (47.4) |
| HLA status, n (%) | |||
| DR3/3 | 38 (9.5) | 35 (9.2) | 3 (15.8) |
| DR3/4 | 102 (25.4) | 97 (25.4) | 5 (26.3) |
| DR3/X | 65 (16.2) | 63 (16.5) | 2 (10.5) |
| DR4/4 | 27 (6.7) | 26 (6.8) | 1 (5.3) |
| DR4/X | 112 (27.9) | 106 (27.7) | 6 (31.6) |
| DRX/X | 57 (14.2) | 55 (14.4) | 2 (10.5) |
| GRS | 0.278 ± 0.027 | 0.278 ± 0.027 | 0.280 ± 0.023 |
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise indicated. All subjects were Caucasian (self-reported race) and of European descent (genetically imputed race). Of 401 subjects, 382 had one blood draw, 18 had two blood draws, and 1 had four blood draws. Notably, because all samples in this study were collected from subjects diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, GRS values are high compared with those in the general population without diabetes (3,4,22); hence, both the 80th and 20th GRS percentiles examined herein reflect “high genetic risk” for type 1 diabetes. T1D, type 1 diabetes.