. 2021 Jan 11;70(4):854–866. doi: 10.2337/db20-0487

Table 2.

Estimated differences from linear regression models in offspring lean mass and BMI z scores and their associated 95% CIs when comparing lifestyle intervention (n = 92) vs. control (n = 47) groups for subjects with available cord blood of the TOP-study

Phenotype	Estimated difference (95% CI)	P value
Lean mass (g), birth	126.55 (−4.52; 257.62)^*	0.058^*
Lean mass (%), birth	1.36 (−0.05; 2.77)^*	0.059^*
Abd. lean mass (g), birth	59.09 (10.53; 107.65)^*	0.017^*
Abd. lean mass (%), birth	0.88 (0.24; 1.53)^*	0.008^*
Fat mass (g), birth	51.26 (−19.93; 122.44)^*	0.157^*
Fat mass (%), birth	1.35 (−0.06; 2.76)^*	0.061^*
Abd. fat mass (g), birth	6.88 (−3.51; 17.26)^*	0.192^*
Abd. fat mass (%), birth	0.49 (−0.58; 1.57)^*	0.365^*
BMI z score, birth¹	0.15 (−0.14; 0.43)^†	0.352^†
BMI z score, 9 months²	0.31 (−0.14; 0.76)^‡	0.315^‡
BMI z score, 18 months³	0.54 (0.14; 0.93)^§	0.006^§
BMI z score, 36 months⁴	0.30 (−0.13; 0.74)^§	0.169^§

Lifestyle intervention, n = 129; control, n = 71.

Lifestyle intervention, n = 60; control, n = 39.

Lifestyle intervention, n = 57;control, n = 36.

⁴

Lifestyle intervention, n = 51; control, n = 28.

Adjusted for maternal education level, maternal smoking during pregnancy (yes/no), GWG (in kilograms), prepregnancy BMI, parity (single/multi), GA (in weeks), and offspring sex.

^†

Adjusted for maternal education level, maternal smoking during pregnancy (yes/no), GWG (in kilograms), prepregnancy BMI, parity (single/multi), and GA (in weeks).

^‡

Adjusted for maternal education level, maternal smoking during pregnancy (yes/no), GWG (in kilograms), prepregnancy BMI, parity (single/multi), GA (in weeks), breastfeeding partially and exclusively, and BMI z score at birth.

^§

Adjusted for maternal education level, maternal smoking during pregnancy (yes/no), GWG (in kilograms), prepregnancy BMI, parity (single/multi), breastfeeding partially and exclusively, and BMI z score at birth.