Table 2.

Markers of pericytes expressed in healthy and diseased CNS (with BBB dysfunction)

Pericyte marker	Healthy CNS	Diseased CNS
Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2)	Development [10, 40, 80, 84, 88, 109–112]	Dementia [113] Healing wounds [114] Neurofibromatosis [115]. Neuroinflammation [116, 117] Tumor neovasculature [10, 87, 88, 114, 118–122]. Traumatic injury [123, 124]
NG2 isoforms	Development [88, 125]	Glioblastoma [88, 126] Ullrich’s congenital muscular dystrophy [125]
Platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ)	Development [84, 127, 128] Adult [10, 18, 40, 70, 108, 110, 129–132]	Alzheimer’s disease [129, 133, 134] Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [135, 136] Angiopathies [132, 137–142] Neuroinflammation [10, 123, 143, 144] Tumor neovasculature [108, 145]
Alanyl aminopeptidase (CD13)	Adult [10, 35, 70, 74, 128, 131, 146–149]	Neuroinflammation [150] Stroke [151]
Vimentin (VIM)	Adult [39, 131, 152, 153]	Angiopathies [154–156]
Regulator of G protein signaling 5 (RGS5)	Development [157–161]	Huntington’s disease [162] Stroke [163–166]
Smooth Muscle α-Actin (α-SMA)	Adult (pre- and post-capillary pericytes) [70, 128, 131, 167–172]	Retinal angiopathy [170] Familial form of Alzheimer’s disease [173]
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG)	Development [174, 175]	Angiopathies [176, 177] Neurotoxicity [178]
CXCR4	Development [179–181]	Glioma [182, 183] Neuroinflammation [184]
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)	Adult (transcriptome analysis) [185]	Stroke [186, 187]
ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 9 (ABCC9)	Adult [131, 188]	Aging [189]
Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule (CD146)	Development [74, 87, 190, 191]	Glioblastoma [87]
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)	FACS [192]	Neuroinflammation [56] Tumorigenesis [193]
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)	FACS [192] Cell cultures [56]	Neuroinflammation [56, 194]
3G5-defined ganglioside	Adult [195]	Retinopathies [196, 197]
Angiopoietin 1 and 2 and Tie2 receptor	Development [198–201]	Diabetic retinopathy [202] Neurotoxicity [175] Stroke [203, 204]
Leptin receptor (LepRb)	Development [205]	Neuroinflammation [206]
Endosialin (CD248)	Development [84, 207–209]	Glioma [88, 208, 209]
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 and 3 (S1PR2 and 3)	Adult [198, 210, 211]	Stroke [211, 212] Traumatic injury [213]
Transforming growth factor β (TGF β)	Adult [198] Cell cultures [171, 214]	Neuroinflammation [10, 215, 216]
Angiotensin 1 and 2 receptors (AT1 and AT2)	Cell cultures [179, 217, 218]	Diabetic retinopathy [219, 220]
ATP-gated Purinergic 2X receptor cation channel (P2X7R)	Adult [221]	Diabetic retinopathy [222] Neuroinflammation [221, 223]
Zic1	Development [83]
Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel (Kir6.1)	Adult [131, 188, 224]
Delta Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 (DLK1)	Adult (microarray analysis) [188]
Vitronectin (VTN)	Development [110, 225]
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (Ifitm-1)	Development (transcriptome analysis) [110]
Myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP)	Cell culture [226]
Fluoro-Nissl dye NeuroTrace 500/525	Adult [227]
Forkhead transcription factor C1 (FoxfC1)	Development [83]
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1(Ifitm-1)	Development (transcriptome analysis) [110]
Connexin 30 (Cx30)	Adult [228]
P-type ATPase (Atp13a5gene)	Adult (transcriptome analysis) [131]
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)		Stroke [229]
Sox2 and Klf4		Stroke [230]
protein encoded by the NOTCH3 gene		CADASIL angiopathy [231–234]
Bone morphogenetic protein 4		Alzheimer’s disease, angiopathies [235]