Table I. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Overall Population (n = 112) | Anakinra + SOC (n = 56) | SOC (n = 56) | p Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Sex, male | 87 (77.7) | 41 (73.2) | 46 (82.1) | 0.364 |
| Age | 67 (59–62) | 65 (58–71) | 68 (60–73) | 0.265 |
| White | 110 (98.2) | 55 (98.2) | 55 (98.2) | 1.000 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| CCI | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.110 |
| Hypertension | 59 (52.7) | 27 (48.2) | 32 (57.1) | 0.449 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 20 (17.9) | 6 (10.7) | 14 (25.0) | 0.084 |
| COPD | 8 (7.1) | 5 (8.9) | 3 (5.4) | 0.714 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 (17.0) | 6 (10.7) | 13 (23.2) | 0.131 |
| Obesity/overweight (BMI >25 kg/m2) | 49 (43.8) | 28 (50) | 21 (37.5) | 0.253 |
| Cancer | 11 (9.8) | 5 (8.9) | 6 (10.7) | 1.000 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 8 (7.1) | 3 (5.4) | 5 (8.9) | 0.714 |
| Tobacco smoke | 9 (8.0) | 6 (10.7) | 3 (5.4) | 0.483 |
| Clinical conditions | ||||
| P/F | 133 (110–196) | 134 (106–200) | 132 (111–183) | 0.956 |
| Patients with CPAP | 88 (78.6) | 42 (75.0) | 46 (82.1) | 0.823 |
| Symptom duration before hospitalization, days | 7 (5–10) | 7 (5–10) | 7 (4–11) | 0.799 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| CRP, mg/dl | 17.5 (11.0–24.9) | 17.9 (11.8–30.7) | 15.6 (9.4–21.1) | 0.021 |
| Lymphocytes, cells/mm3 | 689 (486–966) | 594 (454–1090) | 798 (533–904) | 0.238 |
| D-dimer, ng/ml | 3096 (1194–14,871) | 4216 (1375–17,302) | 1331 (815–5530) | 0.025 |
| Ferritin, ng/ml | 1620 (918–2988) | 1852 (1090–3044) | 1105 (597–2730) | 0.155 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 423 (336–557) | 421 (328–577) | 423 (343–548) | 0.884 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/l | 50 (38–81) | 49 (38–81) | 50 (38–79) | 0.910 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.94 (0.67–1.13) | 0.94 (0.68–0.18) | 0.90 (0.60–1.02) | 0.593 |
| Troponin I, ng/l | 15 (15–87) | 15 (15–126) | 15 (15–87) | 0.811 |
Data are median value (interquartile range) or n (%), respectively for continuous and categorical variables.
a
Mann–Whitney nonparametric test and Pearson χ2 test were used, respectively, to compare continuous and categorical variables of patients in the two groups.
BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; P/F, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fractional concentration of oxygen.