Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants according to hypertensive status
| Variables | Total | Normotensive | Hypertensive | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 21,103,790) | (n = 20,216,281) | (n = 887,509) | ||
| Gender, Female [n(%)]† | 11,008,565 (52.16) | 10,723,110 (53.04) | 285,455 (32.16) | < 0.001 |
| Age, y (Mean ± SD)†† | 29.55 ± 6.19 | 29.39 ± 6.10 | 33.03 ± 7.16 | < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity, Han [n (%)] | 18,567,773 (87.98) | 17,781,209 (87.95) | 786,564 (88.63) | 0.171 |
| Area, Rural [n (%)] | 18,348,932 (86.95) | 17,625,871 (87.19) | 723,061 (81.47) | < 0.001 |
| Region, South [n (%)] | 12,248,880 (58.04) | 11,719,810 (95.68) | 529,070 (4.32) | < 0.001 |
| Education, Below High School [n (%)] | 12,139,927 (57.52) | 11,626,869 (57.51) | 513,058 (57.81) | < 0.001 |
| Drinking, Yes [n (%)] | 3,033,405 (14.39) | 2,791,062 (13.82) | 242,343 (27.33) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking, Yes [n (%)] | 2,816,211 (13.36) | 2,614,132 (12.94) | 202,079 (22.79) | < 0.001 |
| Salt consumption, Excessive [n (%)] | 5,416,550 (25.67) | 5,125,161 (25.57) | 291,389 (33.21) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (Mean ± SD) | 22.63 ± 3.32 | 22.52 ± 3.25 | 25.04 ± 4.06 | < 0.001 |
| < 18.5 [n (%)] | 1,558,090 (7.38) | 1,533,888 (7.59) | 24,202 (2.73) | |
| 18.5–23.9 [n (%)] | 13,382,798 (63.41) | 13,029,173 (64.45) | 353,625 (39.84) | |
| 24.0–27.9 [n (%)] | 4,798,023 (22.74) | 4,477,431 (22.15) | 320,592 (36.12) | |
| ≥ 28 [n (%)] | 1,327,226 (6.29) | 1,140,466 (5.64) | 186,760 (21.04) | |
| Heart Rate, bp (Mean ± SD) | 76.02 ± 7.76 | 75.85 ± 7.52 | 79.80 ± 11.32 | < 0.001 |
| ALT, U/L (Median, IQR) | 20.00,15.70 | 20.00, 15.00 | 26.00, 16.80 | < 0.001 |
| Blood glucose, mmol/L (Mean ± SD)§ | 4.93 ± 1.00 | 4.92 ± 0.99 | 5.21 ± 1.42 | < 0.001 |
| HBsAg, Positive [n (%)] | 1,208,067 (5.73) | 1,154,190 (5.71) | 53,877 (6.08) | < 0.001 |
| History of Diabetes, Yes [n (%)] | 10,047 (0.05) | 8,210 (0.04) | 1,837 (0.21) | < 0.001 |
| Overall stress, Yes [n (%)] | 2,411,365 (11.47) | 2,271,218 (11.27) | 140,147 (15.85) | < 0.001 |
SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen
*Age and Sex adjusted P-value was calculated using Logistic Regression Model
†Age adjusted P-value was calculated using Logistic Regression Model
††Sex adjusted P-value was calculated using Logistic Regression Model
§Blood glucose was only measured among women