Table 2.
Frequency distribution of cause of death early ED mortality from March 2018 to 2020 TASTH Addis Ababa; Ethiopia
| Cause of death | Length of stay in ED before death | Total sample (N = 506) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-24 h (N = 274) | > 24–72 h (N = 232) |
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| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Traumatic cause of death | Road traffic accident | 8 | 2.9 | 8 | 3.4 | 16 | 3.2 |
| Assault | 1 | 0.4 | 4 | 1.7 | 5 | 1 | |
| Fall injuries | 6 | 2.2 | 2 | 0.9 | 8 | 1.6 | |
| Gunshot | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.2 | |
| Stab | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 2 | 0.4 | |
| Suicide | 3 | 1.1 | 2 | 0.9 | 5 | 1 | |
| Burn | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.2 | |
| Sites of injury | Head injury | 8 | 2.9 | 11 | 4.7 | 19 | 3.8 |
| Chest | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.6 | |
| Spinal cord | 6 | 2.2 | 4 | 1.7 | 10 | 2 | |
| Polytrauma | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 2 | 0.4 | |
| Others | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.6 | |
| Non-traumatic /medical cause of death | Respiratory disease | 91 | 33.2 | 61 | 26.3 | 152 | 30 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 50 | 18.2 | 34 | 14.7 | 84 | 16.6 | |
| Renal disease | 27 | 9.9 | 42 | 18.1 | 69 | 13.6 | |
| Neurologic disease | 42 | 15.3 | 38 | 16.4 | 80 | 15.8 | |
| Liver disease | 11 | 4 | 15 | 6.5 | 26 | 5.1 | |
| DM and its complications | 2 | 0.7 | 6 | 2.6 | 8 | 1.6 | |
| Sepsis | 46 | 16.8 | 39 | 16.8 | 85 | 16.8 | |
| Septic shock | 50 | 18.2 | 35 | 15.1 | 85 | 16.8 | |
| Other types of shock | 55 | 20.1 | 46 | 19.8 | 101 | 20 | |
| Upper GI bleeding | 20 | 7.3 | 13 | 5.6 | 33 | 6.5 | |
| Hematologic malignancy | 29 | 10.6 | 43 | 18.5 | 72 | 14.2 | |
| Bleeding disorder | 9 | 3.3 | 13 | 5.6 | 22 | 4.3 | |
| Others | 21 | 7.7 | 29 | 12.5 | 50 | 9.9 | |
| Co-morbid disease | Cancer | 96 | 35 | 80 | 34.5 | 176 | 34.8 |
| Cardiac disease | 40 | 14.6 | 30 | 12.9 | 70 | 13.8 | |
| Hypertension | 25 | 9.1 | 16 | 6.9 | 41 | 8.1 | |
| Hematologic malignancy | 14 | 5.1 | 5 | 2.2 | 19 | 3.8 | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 10 | 3.6 | 7 | 3 | 17 | 3.4 | |
| HIV/AIDS | 8 | 2.9 | 18 | 7.8 | 26 | 5.1 | |
| Asthma | 3 | 1.1 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 2 | |
| Others | 17 | 6.2 | 37 | 15.9 | 54 | 10.7 | |
|
Immediate cause of death |
Respiratory failure | 59 | 21.5 | 55 | 23.7 | 114 | 22.5 |
| Cardiac failure | 42 | 15.3 | 38 | 16.4 | 80 | 15.8 | |
| Multi-organ failure | 45 | 16.4 | 46 | 19.8 | 91 | 18 | |
| Cardio respiratory arrest | 115 | 42 | 74 | 31.9 | 189 | 37.4 | |
| Others | 12 | 4.4 | 20 | 8.6 | 32 | 6.3 | |
Others: sites of injury extremities and abdominal injury
: Co-morbid disease: CKD, CLD, epilepsy, seizure
: Non-traumatic cause of death: wound site infection, abdominal diseases, gastritis
: Immediate cause of death: massive haemorrhage, unknown causes