Table 3.

Examples of how model-based CEA can support implementation scientific research

Domain	Application
Intended populations	● Determining the value of expanding reach of EBIs in the intended population and among different populations or subgroups ● Determining the impact of implementation strategies that aim to reduce health inequities
Service delivery	● Determining the value of expanding adoption in the target delivery setting or across different delivery settings ● Determining the impact of implementing EBIs outside of formal healthcare settings to deliver services to underserved individuals
Planning	● Working with decision makers during pre-implementation to project costs and benefits of different implementation strategies ● Prospectively determining the potential budgetary impact of implementation strategy alternatives
Scaling up	● Determining the impact and value of speeding up implementation within and across delivery settings ● Exploring uncertainty resulting from different patterns in the timing of implementation
Sustaining impact	● Determining the impact of imperfect sustainment and how much it may be worth investing in sustainment efforts, both in terms of required frequency and the extent of required effort ● Exploring the impact for the de-implementation of existing EBIs

EBIs, evidence-based interventions; CEA, cost-effectiveness analysis