Table 1. Characteristics of the studies considered for the review.

CVD, cardiovascular disease; HTN, hypertension

*Definition of pre-existing CVD was not specified in most of the studies, but mainly covered coronary artery disease, history of percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, and heart failure.

^aSevere disease is defined by respiratory distress, respiratory rate ≥30 breaths/min with SpO₂ ≤93% at rest, PaO₂/FIO₂ ≤300, patients with >50% lesion progression within 24 to 48 hours, and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, shock, and other organ failure requiring ICU treatment.

Study	Country	Sample size (n)	Study design	Mean age (years)	Adverse outcomes	Pre-existing CVD* and HTN
Huang et al., 2020	China	41	Prospective single-center	49	ICU admission	Pre-existing CVD (afibrillation) and HTN
Guan et al., 2020	China	1099	Retrospective multi-center	47	ICU admission/mechanical ventilation/death	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Zheng et al., 2020	China	34	Retrospective single-center	66	Invasive mechanical ventilation	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Wang et al., 2020	China	138	Retrospective single-center	56	ICU admission	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Chen et al., 2020	China	21	Retrospective single-center	56	Severe diseasea	HTN
Hong et al., 2020	South Korea	98	Retrospective single-center	55	ICU admission	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Wang et al., 2020	China	69	Retrospective single-center	42	SpO2<90%	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Mo et al., 2020	China	155	Retrospective single-center	54	Refractory pneumonia	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Wu et al., 2020	China	201	Retrospective single-center	51	ARDS	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Zhou et al., 2020	China	191	Retrospective multi-center	56	Death	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Wang et al., 2020	China	339	Retrospective single-center	69	Death	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Huang et al., 2020	China	202	Retrospective multi-center	44	Severe diseasea	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Colaneri et al., 2020	Italy	44	Retrospective single-center	67	Severe diseasea	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Goyal et al., 2020	USA	393	Retrospective multi-center	62.2	Invasive mechanical ventilation	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Ruan et al., 2020	China	150	Retrospective multi-center	58.5	Death	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Du R et al., 2020	China	179	Prospective single-center	57.6	Death	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Qin et al., 2020	China	452	Retrospective single-center	58	Severe diseasea	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Paranjpe et al., 2020	USA	2199	Retrospective single-center	65	Death	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Zheng et al., 2020	China	161	Retrospective single-center	45	Severe diseasea	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Zhang et al., 2020	China	663	Retrospective single-center	55.6	Death	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Mikami et al., 2020	USA	6493	Retrospective multi-center	59	Death	HTN
Marcello et al., 2020	USA	13442	Retrospective multi-center	52.7	Death	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Wang et al., 2020	China	275	Retrospective single-center	49	Severe diseasea	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Cao et al., 2020	China	80	Retrospective single-center	53	Severe diseasea	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Shahriarirad et al., 2020	Iran	113	Retrospective multi-center	53.75	Severe diseasea	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Suleyman et al., 2020	USA	463	Prospective multi-center	57.5	ICU admission	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Khamis et al., 2020	Oman	63	Retrospective multi-center	48	ICU admission	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Zhang et al., 2020	China	140	Retrospective single-center	57	Severe diseasea	Pre-existing CVD and HTN
Yang et al., 2020	China	52	Retrospective single-center	59.7	Death	Pre-existing CVD
Total studies = 29		Total, n=27,950