. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Jan 9;170:142–199. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.005

Table 2.

Novel HDL mimetic NPs developed by using apoA-I mimetic peptides, constructs multivalent apoA-I mimetics, and apoA-I generated by bacteria.

Year	Group	HDL	Animal model	Key finding	Ref.
2018	Chen	sHDL mimetic-T1317: composed of a 22-amino acid apoA-I-mimetic, DMPC and POPC	ApoE^−/− mice	1) Significantly promoted cholesterol efflux in macrophages compared to T1317 and sHDL NPs alone; 2) did not increase serum TG levels as sHDL NPs did; 3) reduced side effects in the liver; 4) significantly reduced plaque size compared to T1317 and sHDL NP treatment alone.	[98]
2019	Chiesa	TN-sHDL mimetic: composed of a trimeric form of human apoA-I expressed from Escherichia coli, POPC and DPPC	NZW	1) Induced plaque stabilization and showed lower macrophage content in plaque compared to groups treated with placebo.	[99]
2019	White	4F-POPC HDL mimetic: composed of apoA-I mimetic (4F) and POPC	N/A	1) Showed better ability to ameliorate lipid-related disorders than nanodiscs composed of apoA-I and POPC; 2) demonstrated resistance to oxidative processes.	[100]
2019	Chiesa	TN-sHDL NPs: composed of trimeric apoA-I, POPC, and DPPC	NZW	1) Stabilization and regression of atheroma were observed in the treatment group.	[101]
2019	Thaxton	LC HDL NPs: composed of apoA-I, DPPC, and PL₄ or DNA-PL₄core	N/A	1) Closely mimic the human HDLs 2) Reduced NF-κB activity in LPS stimulated human monocytes.	[102]
2020	Schwendeman	T1317-SHDL NPs: composed of POPC, DMPC, DPPC, apoA-I mimetic peptide 22A and T1317,	ApoE^−/− mice	1) Better inhibition of plaque formation compared to sHDL or T1317 in plaque existing mice.	[103]

Notes and Abbreviations: HDL: high-density lipoprotein; NP: nanoparticle; apoA-I: Apolipoprotein A1; sHDL: synthetic high-density lipoprotein; T1317: liver X receptor agonist; DMPC: dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; POPC: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; ApoE^−/−: Apolipoprotein E-deficient; TG: triglycerides; TN: trimeric form; DPPC: dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; 4F: apoA-I mimetic peptide named 4F; LC: lipid conjugated; PL₄: small molecule-phospholipid cores; DNA-PL_4: phospholipid conjugate cores linked with DNA. LPS: lipopolysaccharide; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cell.