Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study participants.
| Clinical characteristic | Non-OSA (n = 32) | OSA (n = 39) | P-value |
| Age, y | 47 (41–55) | 49 (39–54) | .93 |
| Sex (male, %) | 16% | 56% | <.001 |
| Self-reported snoring (%) | 31% | 69% | <.001 |
| Daytime somnolence (%) | 16% | 28% | .26 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.1 (20.0–25.4) | 27.7 (24.2–30.2) | <.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 137 (129–148) | 139 (128–146) | .97 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 89 (84–100) | 90 (82–93) | .54 |
| REI, times/h | 4.6 (3.2–5.8) | 21.6 (11.1–34.3) | <.001 |
| Snoring index, times/h | 2.8 (0.8–7.2) | 4.2 (1.3–26.5) | .070 |
| Serum sodium, mmol/L | 141 (140–142) | 142 (140–143) | .069 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | 4.0 (3.8–4.2) | 4.0 (3.7–4.2) | .57 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 (5.4–5.7) | 5.7 (5.4–6.0) | .024 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 201 (169–224) | 205 (183–228) | .43 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 113 (89–132) | 120 (106–140) | .15 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 65 (54–76) | 48 (40–61) | .001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 70 (56–124) | 165 (89–206) | <.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 81.5 (65.8–90.1) | 80.0 (67.1–88.3) | .65 |
| Urinary aldosterone, μg/day | 10 (7–15) | 11 (6–16) | .67 |
| ACR, mg/g | 14.3 (6.7–21.2) | 19.9 (7.7–49.3) | .18 |
| PAC at diagnosis, pg/mL | 197 (153–278) | 193 (144–259) | .64 |
| PAC 00:00 h, pg/mL | 103 (82–149) | 116 (83–162) | .42 |
| PAC 06:00 h, pg/mL | 186 (150–280) | 152 (107–270) | .13 |
| PAC 12:00 h, pg/mL | 212 (155–280) | 200 (155–238) | .80 |
| PAC 18:00 h, pg/mL | 161 (115–222) | 136 (104–192) | .22 |
| PFC 00:00 h, μg/dL | 1.59 (1.07–3.28) | 1.80 (0.95–2.81) | .91 |
| PFC 06:00 h, μg/dL | 13.05 (10.53–15.30) | 11.10 (9.22–14.40) | .14 |
| PFC 12:00 h, μg/dL | 5.37 (4.24–7.57) | 6.58 (5.27–9.32) | .054 |
| PFC 18:00 h, μg/dL | 3.85 (2.35–5.38) | 3.82 (2.81–4.82) | .91 |
| PRA at diagnosis, ng/mL/h | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | .14 |
| PRA 00:00 h, ng/mL/h | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | .30 |
| PRA 06:00 h, ng/mL/h | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | .22 |
| PRA 12:00 h, ng/mL/h | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | .14 |
| PRA 18:00 h, ng/mL/h | 0.3 (0.3–0.5) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | .50 |
Data are presented as the median (interquartile range). ACR = urine albumin to creatinine ratio, BMI = body mass index, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, OSA = obstructive sleep apnea, PAC = plasma aldosterone concentration, PFC = plasma cortisol concentration, PRA = plasma renin activity, REI = respiratory event index.