Table 2.
Odds ratios for upstaging by clinical or sociodemographic characteristics
| T-upstaging | N-upstaging | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR-positive | HR-positive | HR-negative | HR-negative | ||||||
| Ref. | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| HER2 | 0.3421 | 0.7413 | 0.4148 | < .0001 | |||||
| Borderline | Negative | 1.15 (0.95–1.38) | 1.21 (0.73–2.00) | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 1.63 (1.01–2.62) | ||||
| Positive | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 1.03 (0.86–1.22) | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 1.51 (1.27–1.78) | |||||
| Grade | < .0001 | < .0001 | < .0001 | 0.4439 | |||||
| Grade 2 | Grade 1 | 2.31 (2.15–2.48) | 0.78 (0.45–1.37) | 1.58 (1.50–1.66) | 1.34 (0.77–2.33) | ||||
| ≥ 3 | 4.58 (4.21–4.98) | 1.72 (1.01–2.93) | 1.80 (1.68–1.92) | 1.40 (0.81–2.40) | |||||
| Tumor location | < .0001 | 0.0074 | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||
| UIQ | UOQ | 0.95 (0.88–1.04) | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 0.52 (0.48–0.56) | 0.49 (0.39–0.61) | ||||
| LIQ | 0.78 (0.69–0.89) | 0.87 (0.67–1.13) | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) | 0.65 (0.48–0.87) | |||||
| LOQ | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.66 (0.49–0.88) | 1.01 (0.94–1.10) | 0.62 (0.46–0.83) | |||||
| Axillary tail | 0.79 (0.48–1.27) | 0.32 (0.08–1.34) | 1.17 (0.86–1.59) | 1.50 (0.67–3.35) | |||||
| Nipple/central portion | 1.28 (1.11–1.47) | 0.53 (0.31–0.91) | 1.41 (1.27–1.57) | 1.18 (0.79–1.75) | |||||
| Overlapping/NOS | 0.94 (0.88–1.01) | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) | 0.88 (0.84–0.93) | 0.76 (0.64–0.9) | |||||
| Number of comorbidities | 0.0021 | 0.2062 | 0.0292 | 0.7746 | |||||
| 1 | 0 | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 1.06 (0.99–1.12) | 1.05 (0.87–1.27) | ||||
| ≥ 2 | 1.28 (1.11–1.46) | 1.31 (0.97–1.76) | 1.13 (1.01–1.27) | 1.11 (0.79–1.55) | |||||
| Race/ethnicity | < .0001 | 0.0281 | < .0001 | 0.1809 | |||||
| Hispanic | White | 1.28 (1.13–1.45) | 1.40 (1.06–1.85) | 1.27 (1.15–1.40) | 1.38 (1.02–1.86) | ||||
| Black | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 1.10 (1.02–1.18) | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | |||||
| Other | 1.25 (1.09–1.45) | 1.46 (1.02–2.11) | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.89 (0.57–1.40) | |||||
| Age group | < .0001 | < .0001 | < .0001 | 0.0783 | |||||
| ≤ 50 | > 50 | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) | 1.42 (1.18–1.72) | 1.26 (1.18–1.34) | 1.19 (0.98–1.46) | ||||
| Number of nodes examined | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||||
| 2–3 | 1 | 1.38 (1.30–1.46) | 1.43 (1.16–1.78) | ||||||
| 4–5 | 1.75 (1.63–1.88) | 2.22 (1.74–2.83) | |||||||
| ≥ 6 | 6.17 (5.77–6.59) | 9.6 (7.71–11.97) | |||||||
HR hormone receptor, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, UIQ upper inner quadrant, UOQ upper outer quadrant, LIQ lower inner quadrant, LOQ lower outer quadrant, NOS not otherwise specified