Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort
| Variables | Total cohort (N = 100 092) | Men (N = 48 354) | Women (N = 51 738) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at baseline (years) | 47.8 (37.8, 58.6) | 48.1 (38.1, 58.9) | 47.6 (37.5, 58.4) |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 25.7 (23.2, 28.8) | 26.3 (24.0, 28.9) | 25.1 (22.5, 28.7) |
| Average daily alcohol consumption (g) | 3.0 (0, 10.0) | 6.0 (1.0, 16.0) | 2.0 (0, 5.0) |
| Beer consumption (g of ethanol/day) | 1.7 (0, 5.0) | 3.0 (0.8, 7.0) | 0.8 (0, 2.0) |
| Spirits consumption (g of ethanol/day) | 0.1 (0, 2.0) | 0.7 (0, 3.0) | 0 (0, 1.0) |
| Wine consumption (g of ethanol/day) | 2.0 (0, 5.7) | 1.6 (0, 6.6) | 2.0 (0, 5.1) |
| Alcohol category, No. (%) | |||
| Never drinker | 8546 (9.1) | 1949 (4.2) | 6597 (13.7) |
| Former drinker | 1374 (1.5) | 719 (1.6) | 655 (1.4) |
| Occasional drinker (<1 g of alcohol/day) | 21 849 (23.2) | 7737 (16.8) | 14 112 (29.3) |
| 1–12 g/day (up to 1 drink/day) | 43 598 (46.3) | 21 337 (46.4) | 22 261 (46.2) |
| 12.1–24 g/day (up to 2 drinks/day) | 9682 (10.3) | 6486 (14.1) | 3196 (6.6) |
| 24.1–48 g/day (2–4 drinks/day) | 6345 (6.7) | 5125 (11.1) | 1220 (2.5) |
| >48 g/day (>4 drinks/day) | 2790 (3.0) | 2646 (5.8) | 144 (0.3) |
| Drinking pattern, No. (%) | |||
| Lifelong abstainer | 12 048 (16.7) | 3082 (8.9) | 8966 (24.0) |
| Ex-drinker | 1410 (2.0) | 745 (2.2) | 665 (1.8) |
| <Once a week | 30 297 (42.1) | 12 868 (37.1) | 17 429 (46.7) |
| 1–2 days/week | 13 964 (19.4) | 8216 (23.7) | 5748 (15.4) |
| 3–5 days/week | 5955 (8.3) | 3955 (11.4) | 2000 (5.4) |
| 6–7 days/week | 8337 (11.6) | 5850 (16.9) | 2487 (6.7) |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 48.7 (25.8, 89.5) | 36.6 (19.4, 74.1) | 59.1 (34.6, 98.7) |
| HsTnI (ng/L) | 2.4 (1.5, 3.8) | 2.9 (2,0, 4.5) | 1.9 (1.2, 3.0) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 (121, 148) | 136 (125.5, 149) | 129 (118, 145.5) |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 42 415 (42.7) | 23 343 (48.6) | 19 072 (37.1) |
| Anti-hypertensive medication, No. (%) | 12 717 (13.2) | 6147 (13.2) | 6570 (13.1) |
| Heart failure, No. (%) | 1425 (1.9) | 790 (2.2) | 635 (1.7) |
| History of myocardial infarction or stroke, No. (%) | 3959 (4.0) | 2723 (5.6) | 1236 (2.4) |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 3939 (3.9) | 2041 (4.2) | 1898 (3.7) |
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 31 529 (31.6) | 17 209 (35.6) | 14 320 (27.7) |
| Education level, No. (%) | |||
| University or college degree | 16 324 (16.5) | 7953 (16.7) | 8371 (16.4) |
| Intermediate degree | 21 331 (21.6) | 9800 (20.5) | 11 531 (22.6) |
| Secondary school | 28 558 (28.9) | 14 065 (29.5) | 14 493 (28.4) |
| Primary school or less | 32 588 (33.0) | 15 915 (33.4) | 16 673 (32.7) |
| Employment status, No. (%) | |||
| Full- or part-time job | 64 486 (66.1) | 33 198 (70.8) | 31 288 (61.8) |
| Working in household | 7901 (8.1) | 223 (0.5) | 7678 (15.2) |
| Unemployed | 4395 (4.5) | 2433 (5.2) | 1962 (3.9) |
| Retired or long-term disabled | 19 045 (19.5) | 10 308 (22.0) | 8737 (17.3) |
| Full-time student | 1676 (1.7) | 720 (1.5) | 956 (1.9) |
Baseline characteristics of participants were described by median values for continuous variables (25th, 75th percentile) and proportions for categorical variables.
hsTnI, high-sensitivity troponin I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.