Table 2.
Therapy use and site of COVID-19 care
| COVID-19-related symptoms | Therapy | All respondents (n = 62) | Episodic carea (n = 30) | Longitudinal careb (n = 32) | Chi-square test p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Systemic | |||||
| Fever | Acetaminophen | 54 (87.1) | 24 (80.0) | 30 (93.8) | 0.14 |
| NSAIDs | 24 (38.7) | 15 (50.0) | 9 (28.1) | 0.12 | |
| Headache | Acetaminophen | 54 (87.1) | 24 (80.0) | 30 (93.8) | 0.14 |
| NSAIDs | 30 (48.4) | 17 (56.7) | 13 (40.6) | 0.31 | |
| Fioricet | 13 (21.0) | 7 (23.3) | 6 (18.8) | 0.76 | |
| Myalgia, arthralgia | Acetaminophen | 50 (80.6) | 22 (73.3) | 28 (87.5) | 0.21 |
| NSAIDs | 25 (40.3) | 16 (53.3) | 9 (28.1) | 0.07 | |
| Upper respiratory | |||||
| Nasal or sinus pain | Acetaminophen | 43 (69.4) | 19 (63.3) | 24 (75.0) | 0.41 |
| NSAIDs | 22 (35.5) | 15 (50.0) | 7 (21.9) | 0.03* | |
| Runny nose, postnasal drip | Nasal saline spray | 44 (71.0) | 21 (70.0) | 23 (71.9) | 1.00 |
| Nasal saline lavage | 28 (45.2) | 15 (50.0) | 13 (40.6) | 0.61 | |
| Nasal steroid spray (no allergic rhinitis) | 38 (61.3) | 19 (63.3) | 19 (59.4) | 0.80 | |
| Nasal steroid spray (history of allergic rhinitis) | 41 (66.1) | 20 (66.7) | 21 (65.6) | 1.00 | |
| Non-sedating antihistamine (no history of allergic rhinitis) | 47 (75.8) | 20 (66.7) | 27 (84.4) | 0.14 | |
| Non-sedating antihistamine (history of allergic rhinitis) | 45 (72.6) | 21 (70.0) | 24 (75.0) | 0.78 | |
| Decongestant | 40 (64.5) | 19 (63.3) | 21 (65.6) | 1.00 | |
| Sedating antihistamine | 29 (46.8) | 13 (43.3) | 16 (50.0) | 0.62 | |
| Lower respiratory | |||||
| Cough | Honey | 33 (53.2) | 12 (40.0) | 21 (65.6) | 0.07 |
| Dextromethorphan | 46 (74.2) | 21 (70.0) | 25 (78.1) | 0.57 | |
| Guaifenesin | 47 (75.8) | 18 (60.0) | 29 (90.6) | 0.007* | |
| Benzonatate | 52 (83.9) | 22 (73.3) | 30 (93.8) | 0.04* | |
| Codeine, hydrocodone | 31 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 16 (50.0) | 1.00 | |
| OTC lozenge | 39 (62.9) | 15 (50.0) | 24 (75.0) | 0.07 | |
| Shortness of breath | Albuterol MDI (asthma history) | 50 (80.6) | 21 (70.0) | 29 (90.6) | 0.06 |
| Albuterol nebulized (asthma history) | 37 (59.7) | 13 (43.3) | 24 (75.0) | 0.02* | |
| Albuterol MDI (no asthma history) | 49 (79.0) | 20 (66.7) | 29 (90.6) | 0.03* | |
| Other | |||||
| Sleep | Sedating antihistamine | 31 (50.0) | 16 (53.3) | 15 (46.9) | 0.80 |
| Melatonin | 27 (43.5) | 12 (40.0) | 15 (46.9) | 0.62 | |
| Hypnotic | 10 (16.1) | 6 (20.0) | 4 (12.5) | 0.50 | |
| Anxiety | Benzodiazepines | 12 (19.4) | 6 (20.0) | 6 (18.8) | 1.00 |
| Various | Systemic steroids | 23 (37.1) | 10 (33.3) | 13 (40.6) | 0.61 |
COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, MDI metered-dose inhaler, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, OTC over-the-counter
aEpisodic care providers saw patients with COVID-19 for single visits by telemedicine or in-person
bLongitudinal care providers called patients regularly over time until symptom improvement
*Significant, p < 0.05