Table 3.
Therapies perceived as moderately or very effective in management of COVID-19-related symptoms and site of COVID-19-related patient care
| All respondents | Episodic carea | Longitudinal careb | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Albuterol MDI (history of asthma) (n = 50) | 47 (94.0) | 18 (85.7) | 29 (100.0) | 0.07 |
| Acetaminophen for fever (n = 54) | 50 (92.6) | 21 (87.5) | 29 (96.7) | 0.31 |
| Non-sedating antihistamine (no history of allergic rhinitis) (n = 47) | 33 (89.2) | 13 (65.0) | 20 (74.1) | 0.54 |
| Albuterol, nebulized (history of asthma) (n = 37) | 31 (83.8) | 9 (69.2) | 22 (91.7) | 0.16 |
| Nasal steroid spray (history of allergic rhinitis) (n = 41) | 34 (82.9) | 16 (80.0) | 18 (85.7) | 0.70 |
| Albuterol MDI (no history of asthma) (n = 49) | 40 (81.6) | 14 (70.0) | 26 (89.7) | 0.13 |
| Nasal steroid spray (no history of allergic rhinitis) (n = 38) | 31 (81.6) | 14 (73.7) | 17 (89.5) | 0.41 |
| NSAIDs myalgia, arthralgia (n = 25) | 20 (80.0) | 13 (81.3) | 7 (77.8) | 1.00 |
| NSAIDs for headache (n = 30) | 24 (80.0) | 14 (82.4) | 10 (76.9) | 1.00 |
| Non-sedating antihistamine (history allergic rhinitis) (n = 45) | 36 (80.0) | 17 (81.0) | 19 (79.2) | 1.00 |
| Acetaminophen for myalgia, arthralgia (n = 50) | 39 (78.0) | 17 (77.3) | 22 (78.6) | 1.00 |
| Codeine, hydrocodone for cough (n = 31) | 24 (77.4) | 10 (66.7) | 14 (87.5) | 0.22 |
| NSAIDs for nasal or sinus pain (n = 22) | 16 (72.7) | 11 (73.3) | 5 (71.4) | 1.00 |
| Decongestant for nasal congestion or postnasal drip (n = 40) | 29 (72.5) | 13 (68.4) | 16 (76.2) | 0.72 |
| Benzonatate for cough (n = 52) | 37 (71.2) | 13 (59.1) | 24 (80.0) | 0.13 |
| Sedating antihistamine for sleep (n = 31) | 22 (71.0) | 9 (56.3) | 13 (86.7) | 0.11 |
| NSAIDs for fever (n = 24) | 17 (70.8) | 9 (60.0) | 8 (88.9) | 0.19 |
| Hypnotic for sleep (n = 10) | 7 (70.0) | 4 (66.7) | 3 (75.0) | 1.00 |
| Fioricet for headache (n = 13) | 9 (69.2) | 5 (71.4) | 4 (66.7) | 1.00 |
| Acetaminophen for headache (n = 54) | 37 (68.5) | 16 (66.7) | 21 (70.0) | 1.00 |
| Dextromethorphan for cough (n = 46) | 31 (67.4) | 12 (57.1) | 19 (76.0) | 0.22 |
| Benzodiazepine for anxiety (n = 12) | 8 (66.7) | 3 (50.0) | 5 (83.3) | 0.55 |
| Guaifenesin for cough (n = 47) | 30 (63.8) | 7 (38.9) | 23 (79.3) | 0.01* |
| Nasal saline lavage (n = 28) | 17 (60.8) | 6 (40.0) | 11 (84.6) | 0.02* |
| Sedating antihistamine for nasal congestion or postnasal drip (n = 29) | 17 (58.6) | 7 (53.8) | 10 (62.5) | 0.72 |
| Nasal saline spray (n = 44) | 23 (52.3) | 9 (42.9) | 14 (60.9) | 0.37 |
| Systemic steroids (n = 23) | 12 (52.2) | 5 (50.0) | 7 (53.8) | 1.00 |
| Melatonin for sleep (n = 27) | 14 (51.9) | 4 (33.3) | 10 (66.7) | 0.13 |
| Honey for cough (n = 33) | 17 (51.5) | 6 (50.0) | 11 (52.4) | 1.00 |
| OTC lozenge for cough (n = 39) | 20 (51.3) | 7 (46.7) | 13 (54.2) | 0.75 |
| Acetaminophen for nasal or sinus pain (n = 43) | 21 (48.8) | 10 (52.6) | 11 (45.8) | 0.76 |
COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, MDI metered-dose inhaler, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, OTC over-the-counter
aEpisodic care providers saw patients with COVID-19 for single visits by telemedicine or in-person
bLongitudinal care providers called patients regularly over time until symptom improvement
*Significant, p < 0.05