Table 4.

Comparison of M1 and M2 macrophage density according to clinical variables in patients with MRONJ

		M1–M2 macrophage density
Variable	Category	M1a median (IQR)	p-valuec	M2b median (IQR)	p-value	M1/M2 median (IQR)	p-value
Sex	Male	22 (16–29)	0.226	13 (11–14)	0.504	1.81 (1.26–2.21)	0.625
	Female	15 (9–22)		12 (7–17)		1.5 (0.68–2)
Age	≤ 60 years	15 (11.5–20.5)	0.606	7 (5.5–8.5)	0.021*	2 (1.15–4.16)	0.291
	> 60 years	20 (12–24.5)		14 (11–17.5)		1.5 (0.66–2)
Primary disease	Osteoporosis	18 (8–22)	0.422	13 (11–17)	0.625	1.34 (0.8–1.5)	0.125
	Cancer	18 (14–24)		12 (7–17)		1.81 (0.68–2.57)
Antiresorptive class	Bisphosphonates	22 (17–30)	0.005**	14 (12.5–20)	0.002**	1.53 (0.97–2.11)	0.967
	Denosumab	15 (8–18)		10 (6.5–12.5)		1.5 (0.72–2.28)
Antiresorptive agents	Zoledronic acid (Zometa)	22 (13.5–30)	0.018*d	14 (13–20)	0.016*d	1.57 (0.64–2.31)	0.202d
	Alendronate (Fosamax)	23.5 (21–30)		15 (12–21.5)		1.5 (1.4–1.7)
	Denosumab (Prolia)	8 (8–9)		12 (10–14)		0.8 (0.64–0.8)
	Denosumab (Xgeva)	15.5 (14–20)		7.5 (6–11)		2 (1.5–3.7)
Administration period	≤ 36 months	15 (10–21)	0.111	10 (6.5–16)	0.033*	1.5 (0.6–3)	0.703
	> 36 months	22 (19–27)		14 (12.5–17)		1.53 (1.4–1.8)
Site of MRONJ	Maxilla	19 (10–22.5)	0.832	12 (8.5–17)	0.849	1.52 (0.66–2.2)	0.849
	Mandible	17 (13–28)		12.5 (8–18)		1.53 (0.68–2.2)

^aCD68⁺/iNOS⁺ M1 macrophage density (cells/mm²).

^bCD68⁺/CD206⁺ M2 macrophage density (cells/mm²).

^cMann-Whitney U test, unless otherwise specified

^dKruskal-Wallis H test.

^*p <0.05

^**p <0.01

MRONJ = Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw; IQR= interquartile range.