Fig. 2.

Biofilm formation by S. vesiculosa M7^T supplemented with MVs or ATP. a The effect of the addition of MVs. n = 4, ^*P < 0.05 M7 control vs M7 MV-supplemented cultures (0.057 mg/ml). b The effect of exogenous ATP addition on biofilm formation. n = 3, ^*P < 0.05 vs M7 control. In both a and b, biofilm formation was determined in TSB in 96-well microtiter plates at 15 °C without shaking using the crystal violet method (OD 570 nm). c Images of optical microscopy showing distribution of adhered S. vesiculosa M7^T cells with and without MV supplementation at different incubation times. Circles show percentages of the different types of aggregation obtained using ImageJ at 6 incubation days. Bars are 20 μm