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. 2021 Mar 8;12:627123. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627123

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Copyright © 2021 Yang, Chen, Yan, Xu, Wu, Pi, Liu, Chai, Li and Dou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TLR4 was involved in lipotoxicity-induced injury in cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte cells were treated with PA at 0.4 mM for 4 h with or without 1 h CLI-095 preincubation (1 μM). PA-induced cytotoxicity in CLI-095-treated cardiomyocytes was determined using the MTT assay (A) and analysis of LDH release into culture medium (B). (C) Nuclear staining with Hoechst. (D) Representative western blot with densitometric analysis of cleaved Caspase-3 levels in cells. (E) ROS levels were measured using DCFH-DA. (F) MFI analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential using Rh123. Values are presented as mean ± SD for ≥3 independent tests. * indicates comparison with normal controls while # shows comparison with PA-only treatment. Bars with different characters are significantly different, p < 0.05.