Table 2.
Clinical, echocardiographic and hemodynamic characteristics of the study population.
| Age (years) | 69 [58–75] |
|---|---|
| Males | 21 (49) |
| NYHA class I | 4 (9) |
| II | 24 (56) |
| III | 11 (26) |
| IV | 4 (9) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120 [105–140] |
| Heart rate (beat/min) | 70 [65–84] |
| NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 462 [114–2045] |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.8 ± 1.9 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.0 [0.8–1.3] |
| β-Blocker | 19 (44) |
| RASi | 17 (49) |
| Loop diuretic | 23 (54) |
| PAH therapy | 11 (26) |
| RV basal diameter (mm) | 40 ± 9 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19 ± 4 |
| RV FAC (%) | 32 ± 11 |
| RV S′ peak velocity (m/s) | 0.12 ± 0.03 |
| TRV (m/s) | 3.4 ± 0.8 |
| RVSP (mmHg) | 51 ± 23 |
| IVC diameter at end-expiration (mm) | 16 (12–20) |
| Hepatic Vs (m/s) | 0.4 ± 0.6 |
| Hepatic Vd (m/s) | 0.5 ± 0.3 |
| Hepatic Vs/Vd ratio | 1.4 ± 0.6 |
| HVFF | 53 ± 14 |
| Tricuspid E/e′ ratio | 4.1 [3.5–5.5] |
| Mitral E/A | 0.9 [0.7–1.2] |
| Mitral E/e′ ratio | 9 ± 4 |
| Mitral DT E (ms) | 211 ± 55 |
| LVEF <55% | 6 (14) |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 53 ± 22 |
| dPAP (mmHg) | 20 ± 10 |
| mPAP (mmHg) | 32 ± 13 |
| PAWP (mmHg) | 11 ± 7 |
| iRAP (mmHg) | 7 [3–11] |
| Cardiac index (L/min per m2) | 2.8 [2.4–3.5] |
| PVR (WU) | 3 [1.3–7] |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, median [IQR] or n (%), as appropriate.
NYHA, New York Heart Association functional class; AF, atrial fibrillation; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; RASi, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; RV, right ventricular; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; FAC, fractional area change; TRV, tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; IVC, inferior vena cava; Vs, hepatic vein peak systolic velocity; Vd, hepatic vein peak diastolic velocity; HVFF, hepatic vein filling fraction; DT, deceleration time; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; sPAP, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure; dPAP, diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure; mPAP, mean pulmonary arterial pressure; PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure; iRAP, invasive right atrial pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance.