Table 4.
Nutrient intakes among women in July/August and November 2012 in Western Kenya (n = 404).
| July/August 2012 | November 2012 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrient and unit of measure | Mean | Mean % met EAR | % of respondents <100% of EAR | Mean | Mean % met EAR | % of respondents <100% of EAR | Adj. P* | ||||
| EAR† | Nutrient intake | EAR† | Nutrient intake | ||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||||||
| Energy, kJ | 11,830.66 | 7,205.63 | 2,572.98 | 61.03 | 94.06 | 11,628.08 | 7,241.82 | 2,366.32 | 62.52 | 94.55 | 1.000 |
| Protein, g | 68.52 | 55.55 | 25.53 | 82.63 | 74.26 | 65.55 | 58.65 | 27.3 | 92.56 | 61.88 | 0.550 |
| Fat, g | – | 39.51 | 25.47 | – | – | – | 40.07 | 23.18 | – | – | 1.000 |
| Carbohydrates, g | 152.88 | 308.9 | 116.12 | 205.66 | 5.45 | 145.38 | 301.18 | 102.32 | 215.4 | 3.71 | 1.000 |
| Vitamin A RE, μg | 843.18 | 761.76 | 616.64 | 94.8 | 59.95 | 790.47 | 860.55 | 616.63 | 115.85 | 49.63 | 0.165 |
| Vitamin E, mga | 15.43 | 4.25 | 3.03, 6.04 | 38.15 | 59.95 | 14.88 | 4.94 | 3.47, 7.19 | 46.1 | 49.63 | 0.010 |
| Vitamin B1, mg | 1.17 | 1.76 | 1.96 | 151.64 | 31.68 | 1.13 | 1.61 | 0.84 | 144.11 | 31.68 | 0.148 |
| Vitamin B2, mg | 1.26 | 1.12 | 0.46 | 90.63 | 67.33 | 1.21 | 1.15 | 0.43 | 97.55 | 59.16 | 1.000 |
| Vitamin B6, mg | 1.64 | 1.72 | 0.82 | 107.06 | 54.7 | 1.56 | 1.86 | 0.84 | 122.74 | 40.35 | 0.096 |
| Folic acid, μg | 440.45 | 374.24 | 293.72 | 85.66 | 67.57 | 426.06 | 361.66 | 304.33 | 86.69 | 67.33 | 1.000 |
| Vitamin C, mg | 94.43 | 80.88 | 60.97 | 87.72 | 68.56 | 89.23 | 82.96 | 62.1 | 98.16 | 62.87 | 1.000 |
| Iron, mg | 7.41 | 14.04 | 5.91 | 203.4 | 10.89 | 7.83 | 15.66 | 6.16 | 218.12 | 10.4 | 0.001 |
| Zinc, mg | 10.03 | 9.6 | 3.92 | 97.34 | 58.66 | 9.58 | 10.03 | 3.93 | 108 | 47.28 | 0.617 |
| Calcium, mg | 814.85 | 419.62 | 240.59 | 51.82 | 93.07 | 814.85 | 500.23 | 249.56 | 61.77 | 90.1 | <0.001 |
| Magnesium, mg | 268.38 | 481.41 | 179.28 | 179.54 | 8.91 | 268.9 | 499.02 | 165.54 | 185.6 | 6.68 | 0.782 |
| Phosphorus, mg | 603.51 | 1232.38 | 522.77 | 207.78 | 7.18 | 603.51 | 1,225.88 | 493.93 | 206.51 | 8.66 | 0.840 |
EAR, estimated average requirements; SD, standard deviation; kJ, kilo joule; g, grammes; μg, micrograms; mg, milligrammes.
Variable log-transformed before analysis, median, 25th-75th percentiles reported.
Mean EARs calculated based on age and physiological status (pregnancy or lactation status) of the women in July/August and November.
EARs references: Energy, carbohydrates and protein (55); vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, iron, zinc, magnesium, and phosphorus (52), and calcium (56).
t-test used to determine differences in mean nutrient intakes between July/August and November.
Adjusted P-values: Bonferroni–Holm correction test for multiple comparisons.