Table 2.

Coefficients of GLM models for the magnitude of effects of foods consumed on COVID-19 recovery, according to groups of global hunger index.

Covariable	Countries of group 1			Countries of group 2			Countries of group 3			Countries of group 4
	β	[95%CI]	p	β	[95%CI]	p	β	[95%CI]	p	β	[95%CI]	p
Fatality rate (%)	−17.825	−31.083–−4.567	0.000	−25.788	32.831–−18.745	0.000	−13.470	−22.594–−4.346	0.000	−8.627	−15.399–6.397	0.435
Prevalence of diabetis (standardized)	−4.159	−7.162 - - 2.480	0.031	−0.067	−0.180–0.047	0.248	−3.009	−5.174–2.156	0.017	0.084	−0.025–0.194	0.131
People using at least basic sanitation services (%)	27.322	6.660–47.985	0.010	2.116	−1.306–5.538	0.226	6.051	−0.111–12.213	0.064	3.571	2.333–4.810	0.000
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)	1.212	−0.369–2.793	0.133	0.422	−1.297–2.142	0.630	−0.466	−2.424–1.492	0.641	−6.611	−11.492–−1.730	0.008
GDP per capita	5.710	3.101–7.522	0.006	−0.527	−1.646–0.592	0.356	0.115	−0.653–0.882	0.769	0.625	−0.188–1.439	0.132
GNI per capita∗	3.069	2.201–3.938	0.000	3.851	1.827–5.415	0.002	1.272	−0.419–2.963	0.140	−0.876	−3.022–4.773	0.001
Current health expenditure per capita∗	3.233	1.832–4.634	0.000	2.669	1.151–5.886	0.007	0.340	−0.137–0.818	0.162	−0.040	−2.860–2.780	0.978
Domestic general government health expenditure per capita∗	0.326	−0.908–4.744	0.470	2.344	1.565–5.123	0.001	0.474	−0.374–1.321	0.274	0.022	−2.723–2.766	0.988
Alcoholic beverages	−4.336	−2.064 - - 6.090	0.016	−2.312	−5.034 - - 1.590	0.028	0.039	−0.146–0.224	0.678	−0.023	−0.186–0.140	0.778
Animal fats	−0.683	−2.349–0.982	0.421	3.707	−0.635–8.048	0.670	0.283	−0.880–1.445	0.633	3.171	−0.673–7.016	0.106
Animal products	4.235	1.270–6.342	0.000	0.059	−0.049–0.166	0.286	2.068	1.320–3.167	0.001	−0.012	−0.182–0.159	0.894
Cereals	−0.090	−0.531–0.351	0.690	–	–	–	−0.076	−0.187–0.035	0.179	−0.053	−0.125–0.018	0.143
Eggs	13.234	7.553–20.914	0.000	7.911	3.477–12.699	0.001	9.721	2.312–16.870	0.043	−0.603	−0.818–4.388	0.590
Fish-seafood	8.240	5.714–9.235	0.032	2.611	1.160–3.206	0.003	3.587	2.371–5.197	0.014	0.063	−0.135–0.262	0.531
Fruits	2.013	1.510–0.484	0.039	−0.001	−0.120–0.118	0.987	1.800	1.200–2.244	0.008	0.025	−0.108–0.159	0.709
Meat	5.694	3.769–8.382	0.002	2.002	1.241–3.246	0.009	1.914	1.506–2.090	0.000	0.464	0.129–0.799	0.070
Milk	11.018	8.183–17.146	0.027	2.112	1.517–3.241	0.030	5.096	2.001–7.194	0.005	0.198	0.065–0.332	0.400
Miscellaneous	0.577	−0.162–1.315	0.126	0.348	−2.390–2.348	0.790	0.284	−0.971–1.539	0.658	−0.632	−1.193–−0.070	0.270
Offal	−1.299	−7.797–5.199	0.695	0.714	−2.438–3.865	0.657	4.737	2.748–6.725	0.020	−1.658	−4.245–0.929	0.209
Oil crops	−2.653	−4.965–0.341	0.250	−0.745	−1.548–0.058	0.069	−1.506	−3.145–0.133	0.072	−0.180	−0.312–−0.048	0.070
Pulses	−2.303	−5.235–0.629	0.124	−0.749	−1.593–0.094	0.082	−3.239	−7.239–1.239	0.900	−0.917	−1.430–−0.403	0.068
Spices	−5.904	−32.263–20.456	0.661	−6.233	−9.343–3.122	0.200	−1.274	−3.798–1.251	0.323	1.555	−1.513–4.623	0.321
Starchy roots	0.018	−0.570–0.606	0.952	−0.006	−0.140–0.128	0.929	0.045	−3.247–1.158	0.240	−0.101	−0.142–0.059	0.890
Stimulants	0.636	−1.058–2.330	0.462	0.220	−1.761–2.201	0.828	0.288	0.166–1.410	0.160	1.849	−1.198–4.895	0.234
Sugar and sweeteners	0.261	−0.088–0.610	0.143	−0.197	−0.514–0.121	0.226	0.167	−0.160–0.493	0.317	0.567	0.265–0.869	0.470
Tree nuts	4.160	1.668–5.348	0.170	0.345	−3.151–3.841	0.847	1.927	1.266–2.212	0.005	2.033	−0.416–4.482	0.104
Vegetable oils	3.469	1.927–6.990	0.029	0.025	−1.126–1.176	0.966	2.348	1.292–4.595	0.009	0.245	−1.329–1.725	0.500
Vegetable products	5.160	2.006–7.314	0.042	1.952	1.166–2.490	0.002	3.068	2.167–5.032	0.008	0.350	−1.342–2.361	0.587
Vegetables	15.042	11.290–17.373	0.000	3.095	2.230–5.034	0.014	5.023	3.121–8.075	0.004	6.905	3.084–9.326	0.001

Note: Group 1: Developed countries with hunger eradication; Group 2: Countries on the American continent with a low or moderate global hunger index; Group 3: European and Asian countries with a low global hunger rate; Group 4: Countries with a low, moderate or high global hunger index; ∗Values expressed in logarithmic scale.