Table 2.
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the associated pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
| PRR | PAMP | References1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gram positive | TLR2, NOD2 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) | a, d |
| TLR2 | Teichoic acid (TA) | b, c, d, e, i, | |
| TLR2/6 | Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) | e, f, g | |
| TLR5, NAIP5, NAIP6, NLRC4 | Flagella | d, zc | |
| Gram negative | TLR4 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | d, h |
| TLR2, NOD1, NOD2 | PGN | d, j | |
| TLR5, NAIP5, NAIP6, NLRC4 | Flagella | d, h | |
| TLR2 | Porins | k, l | |
| NAIP2, NLRC4 | Rod protein of Type III secretion system (T3SS) | m, n | |
| Genus-specific | |||
| Mycobacteria | TLR2, MARCO, MINCLE | Trehalose dimycolate (TDM) | o, p |
| TLR2/4 | Mycolic acid (MA) | q, r | |
| TLR2 | Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) | s, t, u | |
| TLR2 | Arabinogalactan (AG) | v | |
| TLR2, NOD2 | Peptidoglycan (PGN) | w | |
| TLR4 | Phosphatidylinositol mannose (PIM) | x | |
| Mycoplasma | TLR2/6 | Macrophage activating lipopeptide M161 antigen | d, y |
| Other | TLR9 | CpG-DNA | z, za, zb |
a, Rosenzweig et al. (2011); b, Ribeiro et al. (2010); c, Kumar et al. (2013); d, Kumar et al. (2011); e, Takeuchi et al. (2000); f, Krutzik et al. (2003); g, Takeuchi et al. (2000); h, Takeuchi et al. (2002); i, Echchannaoui et al. (2002); j, Clarke et al. (2010); k, Singleton et al. (2005); l, Mukherjee et al. (2014); m, Kofoed and Vance (2011); n, Karki et al. (2018); o, Bowdish et al. (2009); p, Martinez et al. (2016); q, van Crevel et al. (2002); r, Harding and Boom (2010); s, Strohmeier and Fenton (1999); t, Hook et al. (2020); u, Gilleron et al. (2003); v, He et al. (2019); w, Girardin et al. (2003); x, Abel et al. (2002); y, Nishiguchi et al. (2001); z, Peter et al. (2009); za, Adamus and Kortylewski (2018); zb, Hausmann et al. (2020); zc, Lai et al. (2013).