Table 2.
Odds ratios for incidence of AKI during hospitalization
| Whole cohort (n = 1191) | COVID-19 (n = 316) | Other diagnoses (n = 875) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |
| COVID-19 | 1.70* | 1.04,2.76 | – | – | – | – |
| Age categories | ||||||
| Age < 80 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Age 80–90 | 1.28 | 0.75,2.17 | 3.57* | 1.32,9.66 | 0.77 | 0.38,1.56 |
| Age > 90 | 1.54 | 0.83,2.89 | 1.17 | 0.36,3.74 | 1.52 | 0.68,3.41 |
| Women | 0.73 | 0.47,1.12 | 0.53 | 0.24,1.21 | 0.91 | 0.52,1.60 |
| Vital signs at admission | ||||||
| Temperature, °C | 1.01 | 0.74,1.37 | 1.06 | 0.64,1.75 | 0.89 | 0.57,1.38 |
| SBP, mmHg | 0.99 | 0.98,1.00 | 0.98 | 0.96,1.00 | 0.99 | 0.97,1.00 |
| DBP, mmHg | 1.01 | 0.99,1.03 | 1.01 | 0.98,1.05 | 1.01 | 0.98,1.03 |
| Pulse rate, /min | 1.01 | 1.00,1.03 | 1.01 | 0.98,1.04 | 1.01 | 0.99,1.03 |
| Saturation, < 90% | 1.45 | 0.71,2.98 | 1.98 | 0.70,5.59 | 2.18 | 0.70,6.76 |
| Lab values | ||||||
| Baseline kidney function | ||||||
| eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| eGFR 30–59 mL/min | 4.19*** | 2.48,7.05 | 2.94* | 1.17,7.34 | 5.55*** | 2.74,11.2 |
| eGFR < 30 mL/min | 20.3*** | 9.95,41.3 | 9.93** | 2.32,42.5 | 35.0*** | 14.0,87.7 |
| Number of creatinine measurements | 1.71*** | 1.56,1.86 | 1.55*** | 1.34,1.78 | 1.88*** | 1.66,2.13 |
| CRP > 10 mg/L | 1.81* | 1.11,2.95 | 2.28 | 0.97,5.36 | 2.05* | 1.07,3.95 |
| Medication at admission | ||||||
| ACEIs | 1.14 | 0.69,1.90 | 1.21 | 0.44,3.32 | 1.17 | 0.61,2.26 |
| ARBs | 1.05 | 0.63,1.76 | 0.78 | 0.30,2.06 | 1.22 | 0.63,2.34 |
| Betablockers | 0.68 | 0.43,1.06 | 0.72 | 0.31,1.65 | 0.66 | 0.36,1.19 |
| CCBs | 1.24 | 0.78,1.96 | 1.04 | 0.45,2.39 | 1.57 | 0.85,2.90 |
| Diuretics | 1.07 | 0.66,1.73 | 1.08 | 0.46,2.56 | 1.14 | 0.60,2.18 |
| Statins | 1.44 | 0.91,2.28 | 1.62 | 0.68,3.85 | 1.57 | 0.86,2.87 |
| LMWH/NOAC/warfarin | 1.06 | 0.65,1.73 | 0.62 | 0.22,1.79 | 0.99 | 0.54,1.82 |
| Antiplatelets | 1.19 | 0.74,1.92 | 1.49 | 0.63,3.50 | 1.11 | 0.58,2.13 |
| NSAIDs | 1.58 | 0.60,4.14 | 1.12 | 0.13,10.1 | 2.07 | 0.65,6.67 |
| Glucocorticoids | 1.08 | 0.63,1.87 | 0.63 | 0.22,1.76 | 1.41 | 0.70,2.84 |
| Antibiotics | 1.12 | 0.73,1.72 | 1.63 | 0.74,3.59 | 0.93 | 0.52,1.63 |
| Admission source | ||||||
| From home | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| From nursing home | 1.39 | 0.40,4.90 | 0.66 | 0.04,10.4 | 2.10 | 0.45,9.86 |
| From other clinic | 1.10 | 0.71,1.72 | 0.93 | 0.39,2.21 | 1.39 | 0.79,2.46 |
| Admission hospital | ||||||
| Clinic 1 vs clinic 2 | 1.20 | 0.71,2.02 | 1.49 | 0.56,3.98 | 0.92 | 0.46,1.85 |
OR odds ratios, CI confidence interval, AKI acute kidney injury, SBP systolic BP, DBP diastolic BP, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CRP C-reactive protein, ACEIs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, CCBs calcium channel blockers, LMWH low molecular weight heparin, NOAC non-vitamin-k oral anticoagulant, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001