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. 2021 Mar 8;12:606018. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.606018

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the overall cohort.

Characteristics Participants (n = 119) (%)
Age (years)
Mean (± SD) 8.1 (± 3.9)
Age group (years) (n= 119)
<5 25 (21.0)
5–10 56 (47.1)
>10 38 (31.9)
Gender (n=119)
Male 55 (46.2)
Female 64 (53.8)
Ethnicity (n=119)
Malay 42 (35.6)
Chinese 39 (32.8)
Indians 25 (21.0)
Others 13 (10.9)
Location of residence (n=111)
Within Hospital coverage 70 (63.1)
Outside Hospital Coverage 41 (36.9)
BMI SDS (n=90)
Underweight 17 (18.9)
Normal 61 (67.8)
Overweight 12 (13.3)
Blood glucose level (mmol/L) (n=104)
Mean (± SD) 27.0 (± 8.9)
HbA1c at diagnosis (%) (n=110)
Mean (± SD) 12.3 (± 2.5)
pH (n=83)
Mean (± SD) 7.0 (± 0.2)
Presence of DKA (n=115)
Yes 82 (71.3)
No 33 (28.7)
Severity of DKA (n=75)
Mild 15 (20.0)
Moderate 18 (24.0)
Severe 42 (56.0)
Healthcare professional contact (HPC) (n=118)
1 HPC 90 (76.3)
2 HPC 21 (17.8)
>2 HPC 7 (5.9)
Referral source (n=112)
Hospital Settings
Primary Care Settings
77 (68.8)
35 (31.2)
Admission to PICU (n=94)
Admitted 47 (20.0)
Length of hospital stay (n=99)
Mean (± SD) 7.2 (± 2.7)