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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE J Solid-State Circuits. 2020 Jul 9;55(9):2567–2582. doi: 10.1109/jssc.2020.3005816

Fig. 19.

Fig. 19.

Ramped Ve experiments in the pVC configuration to determine threshold for intracellular access using a PtB nanoneedle electrode and dissociated rat neurons. Ve stimulations are applied to activate ion channels.