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. 2021 Mar 18;11(1):35–45. doi: 10.1016/j.kisu.2020.12.001

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The cycle of damage in cardiorenal anemia syndrome.17,19,35 ∗Medications used in heart failure (HF) associated with anemia include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and β-blockers. ADH, antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin); BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; EC, extracellular; EPO, erythropoietin; Hct, hematocrit; HR, heart rate; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; Na+, sodium; PV, plasma volume; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RBF, renal blood flow; SNS, sympathetic nervous system; SV, stroke volume.