Table 5.

Youth’s and Mothers’ PTSD and Depression Symptoms Predicted From Their Own and Each Others’ Exposure to 9/11

	Youth’s PTSD symptoms		Youth’s depression symptoms		Mothers’ PTSD symptoms		Mothers’ depression symptoms
	Model A: Own exposure (β)	Model B: Adding mothers’ exposure (β)	Model A: Own exposure (β)	Model B: Adding mothers’ exposure (β)	Model A: Own exposure (β)	Model B: Adding youth’s exposure (β)	Model A: Own exposure (β)	Model B: Adding youth’s exposure (β)
Adolescent’s age	.08	.07	.04	.04	.01	.01	.03	.02
Adolescent’s gender^a	.07	.07	.15^**	.15^**	−.01	−.01	−.09	−.08
Adolescent is immigrant	−.09	−.10	−.17^**	−.17^**	.05	.04	.00	−.00
One or both parents are immigrants	−.13^*	−.13^*	−.04	−.04	.06	.06	−.09	−.09
Is African American^b	.24^**	.22^*	−.03	−.04	−.09	−.08	.06	.05
Is Hispanic American^b	.28^**	.27^**	−.04	−.04	.04	.06	.03	.03
Is of another race or ethnicity^b	.16^**	.16^*	−.03	−.03	−.02	−.01	.01	.01
Mother’s age	.08	.08	.03	.03	−.07	−.06	−.09	−.09
Mother is married	−.02	−.02	.03	.04	−.10	−.09	−.11	−.10
Mother’s level of education	−.04	−.04	−.08	−.08	−.23^***	−.23^***	−.22^***	−.23^***
Mother is employed	.07	.06	.02	.02	−.08	−.07	−.13^*	−.12^*
Time between 9/11 and the interview^b	−.08	−.07	−.02	−.01	.01	.02	−.01	.00
RCCP intervention—Lessons	.04	.04	.05	.05	.08	.08	.06	.06
RCCP intervention—Staff development	.00	.01	.02	.02	−.12	−.12	−.04	−.04
Youth’s exposure to 9/11
Direct exposure	.09	.08	.12^*	.12^*	—	.03	—	−.04
Family exposure^c	.01	.01	−.02	−.02	—	.02	—	.02
Media exposure	.06	.05	.03	.03	—	−.13^*	—	−.06
Mothers’ exposure to 9/11
Direct exposure	—	.08	—	.02	.27^***	.27^***	−.02	−.01
Family exposure	—	−.02	—	−.04	.01	−.00	−.04	−.05
Media exposure	—	.05	—	−.01	−.01	.01	−.01	.00
R²	.08	.09	.08	.08	.21	.23	.12	.13
F	1.83^*	1.68^*	1.86^*	1.59^*	5.04^***	4.63^***	2.62^***	2.33^***
df	17, 365	20, 362	17, 365	20, 362	17, 321	20, 318	17, 321	20, 318
R²_Δ	—	.01	—	.00	—	.02	—	.01
F_Δ	—	0.85	—	0.16	—	2.00	—	0.71
df_Δ	—	3	—	3	—	3	—	3

Note. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; RCCP = Resolving Conflict Creatively Program.

0 = male, 1 = female.

These characteristics were for youth in the models predicting youth mental health, and for parents in the models predicting parent mental health. European Americans are the reference category for the race-ethnicity variables.

For brevity, family and friend exposure is abbreviated to family exposure in this and subsequent tables.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.