Table 3.

Association between leukocyte telomere length (per 1,000 base pairs) and cognitive domain z-scores among individuals of the aging Long Life Family Study cohort with dementia or incipient dementia.

Cognitive Domain z-scores	All (n = 597)		Males (n = 317)		Females (n = 280)
	EST†	SE	EST†	SE	EST†	SE
Global Cognitive Function	0.006	0.0654	0.026	0.0988	−0.033	0.0960
Working Memory	0.149	0.0890	0.168	0.1531	0.041	0.1188
Digit Forward	0.017	0.0970	0.036	0.1461	−0.047	0.1352
Digit Backward	0.258	0.1095	0.268	0.1766	0.155	0.1417
Episodic Memory	−0.073	0.0958	−0.022	0.1462	−0.132	0.1370
Immediate Memory	−0.133	0.1072	−0.073	0.1671	−0.196	0.1405
Delayed Memory	−0.013	0.1050	0.023	0.1519	−0.067	0.1571
Semantic Processing	−0.045	0.0982	−0.115	0.1394	0.037	0.1453
Animal Fluency	0.020	0.1022	−0.045	0.1545	0.050	0.1484
Vegetable Fluency	−0.111	0.1163	−0.185	0.1611	−0.010	0.1696
Information Processing Speed	0.028	0.1023	0.201	0.1237	−0.185	0.1556

Leukocyte telomere length is expressed as kilo base-pairs, while cognitive scores are unadjusted z-scores. The significance of the association between the two are evaluated using the Wald Chi-Square Test. Abbreviations: EST, beta estimate; SE, standard error.

†Analysis adjusted for sex (males vs. females), generation (proband vs. offspring), country (US vs. Denmark), education (less than college, some college or post college), age (in years), and lymphocyte percentage.

P-values are denoted as follows:

^*p<0.005