Table 3.

Features on history indicative of a higher risk of autoimmune or paraneoplastic dementia.

Demographics

Young onset

Clinical features

Subacute onset and rapidly progressive

Fluctuating course

Headaches

Early psychosis

Seizures (particularly faciobrachial dystonic seizures which may mimic myoclonus)

Medical history

Known cancer, particularly tumors associated with paraneoplastic syndromes

Medications

Immune checkpoint inhibitor use

Family history

Strong family history of cancer or autoimmunity

Social history

Cigarette smoking