. 2021 Jan 6;10(2):R87–R105. doi: 10.1530/EC-20-0578
This work is licensed under a Table 2.
Potential obesogens with possible mechanisms of action and effects.
| Potential obesogen | EDC type | Potential mechanisms | Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha naphthoflavone | Pollutant | AhR antagonist, increased expression of hormone-sensitive lipase and the estrogen receptor | Promotes lipid accumulation in adipocytes |
(186) |
| BADGE | Pesticide | PPARγ activator | Induces differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and MSCs into adipocytes | (187) |
| BBP | Pesticide | PPARγ activator | Increased lipid accumulation in vitro | (182, 188) |
| Bisphenol F (BPF) | Plasticizer (BPA analog) |
PPARγ activator | Induces differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes | (149, 154, 155) |
| Bisphenol S (BPS) | Plasticizer (BPA analog) |
PPARγ activator, upregulates adipogenic mRNA expression levels (i.e. Lipoprotein Lipase, CAAT/enhancer-binding proteins β (C/EBPβ) | Induces differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes | (149, 154, 155) |
| Diazinon |
Pesticide | PPARγ activator, activates CCAAT-enhancer binding protein CAAT/enhancer- binding proteins α (C/EBP α) | Induces differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes | (189) |
| Diclofop‐methyl | Pesticide | PPARγ activator | Induces adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stromal cells | (75) |
| Fentin hydroxide | Pesticide | PPARγ activator | Increases adipogenesis and lipid accumulationin vitro | (75, 78) |
| Forchlorfenuron | Pesticide | Promotes expression of adipogenic genes | Induces differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes | (76) |
| Fludioxonil |
Pesticide | PPARγ and RXRα activator, promotes expression of adipogenic genes | Induces adipogenesis in uncommitted mBMSCs, promotes differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and MSCs into adipocytes | (75, 76) |
| Flusilazole |
Pesticide | Promotes expression of adipogenic genes | Induces differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes | (76) |
| Halosulfuron‐methyl |
Pesticide | PPARγ activator | Induces adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stromal cells | (75) |
| Lactofen |
Pesticide | PPARγ activator | Induces adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stromal cells | (75) |
| Quinoxyfen | Pesticide | PPARγ activator | Induces adipogenesis in uncommitted mBMSCs, promotes differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes | (76) |
| Quizalofop-p-ethyl | Pesticide (herbicide) |
Currently unknown | Induces differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes | (148) |
| Spirodiclofen | Pesticide | PPARγ activator, promotes expression of adipogenic genes in vitro | Induces differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mBMSCs into adipocytes | (76) |
| Tebupirimfos | Pesticide | Promotes expression of adipogenic genes |
Induces differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes |
(76) |
| Zoxamide | Pesticide | PPARγ activator | Induces differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mBMSCs into adipocytes | (76) |
mBMSCs, mouse bone marrow-derived stem cells; PPAR, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor.