TABLE 5.

Changes in patient self‐management outcomes compared with baseline scores

Outcomes	Items	Range	Score	Baseline T1 (n = 140)	Month 3 T2 (n = 128)	p‐value (T1‐T2)	Month 6 T3 (n = 129)	p‐value (T1‐T3)	Month 12 T4 (n = 126)	p‐value (T1‐T4)
Illness intrusiveness**	9	0–4	Mean (SD)	0.59 (0.86)	0.496 (0.91)	.009*	0.64 (0.96)	.344	0.47 (0.85)	.026
			Median (IQR)	0.11 (0–0.88)	0 (0–0.44)		0 (0–1)		0 (0–0.44)
Fatigue VNS**	1	0–10	Mean (SD)	3.94 (3.84)	2.75 (3.33)	.007*	2.58 (3.2)	.003*	2.6 (3.35)	.003*
			Median (IQR)	3 (0–8)	1 (0–5)		1 (0–5)		0 (0–5)
Pain VNS**	1	0–10	Mean (SD)	3.54 (3.67)	3.14 (3.45)	.261	3.05 (3.71)	.127	2.6 (3.28)	.013
			Median (IQR)	2 (0–7)	2 (0–6)		0 (0–7)		0 (0–5)
Stress VNS**	1	0–10	Mean (SD)	3.29 (3.91)	2.2 (3.24)	.000*	2.43 (3.46)	.014	2.09 (3.4)	.007*
			Median (IQR)	0.5 (0–8)	0 (0–5)		0 (0–5)		0 (0–3)
Shortness of breath VNS**	1	0–10	Mean (SD)	1.96 (3.47)	1.02 (2.22)	.016	1.32 (2.53)	.047	0.97 (2.46)	.008*
			Median (IQR)	0 (0–2.5)	0 (0–0.5)		0 (0–2)		0 (0–0)
Sleeping problem VNS**	1	0–10	Mean (SD)	2.22 (3.36)	1.48 (2.74)	.087	1.64 (2.97)	.14	1.96 (3.31)	.581
			Median (IQR)	0 (0–4.5)	0 (0–1)		0 (0–2)		0 (0–3)
Self‐reported general health status**	1	1–5	Mean (SD)	2.91 (1.1)	2.78 (0.96)	.28	2.84 (1.26)	.875	2.65 (1.12)	.12
			Median (IQR)	3 (2–4)	3 (2–3)		3 (2–4)		3 (2–3)
Self‐reported quality of life VNS++	1	0–10	Mean (SD)	6.69 (3.32)	7.07 (2.88)	.297	7.12 (3.07)	.3	7.21 (3.01)	.16
			Median (IQR)	7 (5–10)	8 (5–10)		8 (5–10)		8 (5–10)
Self‐efficacy VNS++	6	1–10	Mean (SD)	5.91 (2.61)	6.05 (2.66)	.602	5.59 (2.88)	.28	5.1 (2.16)	.000*
			Median (IQR)	6 (3.92–8.25)	6.33 (4.5–8.33)		5.17 (3.3–8.83)		5.167 (3.67–6.83)

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; VNS, visual‐numeric scale.

Wilcoxon signed‐rank test performed due to asymmetrical distribution.

⁺⁺Higher score is better;

^**Lower score is better.

^*Significance level at Bonferroni‐adjusted p‐value (p < .0125)