Table 1.
Descriptive statistics (N = 106) of executive functions (at Time 1), and decoding skills, language skills, and reading comprehension (at Time 2). Table 1 includes mean scores and standard deviations (SD), minimum (Min.) and maximum (Max.) scores, and kurtosis and skewness values
| M | SD | Min. | Max. | Skewness | Kurtosis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time 1 | ||||||
| Working memory | ||||||
| Backward digit span | 4.491 | 1.587 | 0 | 8 | −0.004 | −0.301 |
| Competing Language Processing Task | 25.085 | 3.765 | 18 | 36 | 0.577 | −0.033 |
| Inhibition | 86.698 | 20.295 | 51 | 153 | 0.988 | 1.367 |
| Planning | 170.793 | 37.527 | 98 | 307 | 0.543 | 0.592 |
| Time 2 | ||||||
| Decoding skills | 62.613 | 18.142 | 22 | 102 | 0.088 | −0.363 |
| Language skills | ||||||
| PPVT‐III‐NL | 124.594 | 13.617 | 96 | 155 | −0.427 | −0.186 |
| ERRNI | 7.926 | 0.951 | 4.67 | 10.63 | −0.367 | 1.449 |
| Reading comprehension | 50.81 | 9.915 | 25 | 66 | −0.881 | 0.083 |
All scores reflect raw scores. The score for working memory, decoding, vocabulary (PPVT‐III‐NL), and reading comprehension reflects the number of correct answers. The score for planning reflects the number of moves made to complete the task; the score for inhibition reflects the time needed (in s) to complete the task. The score for syntactic complexity reflects the mean length of T‐Units in words.