Table 3.
Pooled estimates for broadly defined depressive disorder (DEP) and anxiety disorders
| Broadly defined depressive disorder | Anxiety disorder type | Crude estimates | Adjusted estimates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Pooled OR (95% CI) | I 2 | p value | n | Pooled aOR (95% CI) | I 2 | p value | ||
| I. Lifetime estimates | |||||||||
| DEP | ANX | 17 | 4.4 (3.1–6.2) | 97.2% | <.001 | 3 | 3.2 (2.2–4.7) | 97.9% | <.001 |
| DEP | Agoraphobia | 11 | 4.0 (3.0–5.2) | 80.8% | <.001 | 1 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ |
| DEP | OCD | 14 | 5.6 (4.4–7.2) | 61.3% | <.001 | 8 | 4.8 (3.8–6.2) | 9.4% | .25 |
| DEP | GAD | 11 | 9.0 (5.6–14.5) | 96.7% | <.001 | 4 | 5.8 (3.6–9.5) | 62.7% | .08 |
| DEP | Panic disorder | 15 | 7.6 (5.2–11.1) | 92.1% | <.001 | 11 | 7.4 (4.4–12.4) | 87.4% | <.001 |
| DEP | PTSD | 5 | 6.1 (2.7–13.7) | 94.5% | <.001 | 1 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ |
| DEP | Social phobia | 13 | 4.6 (3.8–5.6) | 76.2% | <.001 | 8 | 3.7 (3.1–4.4) | 53.4% | .06 |
| DEP | Specific phobia | 14 | 3.3 (2.7–4.0) | 85.5% | <.001 | 7 | 2.4 (1.6–3.5) | 90.4% | <.001 |
| II. Period prevalence estimates | |||||||||
| DEP | ANX | 23 | 9.4 (6.3–14.3) | 96.5% | <.001 | 11 | 6.6 (4.7–9.1) | 94.2% | <.001 |
| DEP | Agoraphobia | 10 | 6.6 (3.6–11.8) | 90.7% | <.001 | 5 | 5.6 (3.3–9.4) | 82.1% | <.001 |
| DEP | OCD | 10 | 7.7 (4.8–12.2) | 65.2% | .01 | 5 | 4.4 (2.2–8.9) | 74.2% | .01 |
| DEP | GAD | 22 | 13.8 (9.9–19.3) | 93.5% | <.001 | 12 | 11.7 (5.2–26.3) | 99.5% | <.001 |
| DEP | Panic disorder | 13 | 9.9 (6.8–14.3) | 83.6% | <.001 | 7 | 6.2 (3.2–11.9) | 94.7% | <.001 |
| DEP | PTSD | 6 | 14.7 (8.2–26.4) | 86.9% | <.001 | 6 | 4.1 (1.4–11.4) | 97.8% | <.001 |
| DEP | Social phobia | 9 | 8.8 (5.4–14.2) | 90.4% | <.001 | 6 | 6.6 (9.2–13.0) | 96.3% | <.001 |
| DEP | Specific phobia | 8 | 3.7 (2.7–5.0) | 80.4% | <.001 | 3 | 2.9 (2.3–3.7) | 46.3% | .16 |
Abbreviations: ANX, broadly defined anxiety disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; OCD, obsessive‐compulsive disorder; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.
a
Estimates were not pooled if the number of studies are less than 3 for that disorder pair.