Table 5.
Pooled estimates for broadly defined bipolar disorder (BIPOLAR) and anxiety disorder subtypes
| Mood disorder (Bipolar disorder) | Anxiety disorder type | Crude estimates | Adjusted estimates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Pooled OR (95% CI) | I 2 | p value | n | Pooled aOR (95% CI) | I 2 | p value | ||
| I. Lifetime estimates | |||||||||
| BIPOLAR | ANX | 8 | 7.8 (6.5–9.4) | 33.3% | .19 | 3 | 7.7 (5.4–10.8) | 75.3% | .02 |
| BIPOLAR | Agoraphobia | 4 | 5.9 (1.7–21.1) | 86.6% | <.001 | 2 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ |
| BIPOLAR | OCD | 6 | 6.7 (1.3–35.4) | 96.8% | <.001 | 3 | 8.4 (6.2–11.2) | 0.0% | .77 |
| BIPOLAR | GAD | 6 | 6.9 (4.4–10.9) | 58.7% | .02 | 4 | 8.9 (5.2–15.3) | 92.7% | <.001 |
| BIPOLAR | Panic disorder | 6 | 5.4 (3.0–9.7) | 68.5% | .02 | 4 | 7.1 (5.7–8.8) | 25.4% | .21 |
| BIPOLAR | PTSD | 2 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ | 3 | 3.7 (1.6–8.5) | 93.5% | <.001 |
| BIPOLAR | Social phobia | 6 | 4.4 (2.2–9.0) | 80.7% | <.001 | 6 | 4.5 (2.7–7.6) | 88.8% | <.001 |
| BIPOLAR | Specific phobia | 5 | 4.7 (2.6–8.5) | 82.1% | .01 | 4 | 3.5 (1.9–6.6) | 95.8% | <.001 |
| II. Period prevalence estimates | |||||||||
| BIPOLAR | ANX | 3 | 4.9 (2.0–‐12.2) | 78.0% | .02 | 2 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ |
| BIPOLAR | Agoraphobia | 2 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ | 2 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ |
| BIPOLAR | OCD | 4 | 7.0 (3.0–16.1) | 17.8% | .46 | 3 | 7.4 (1.6–34.0) | 77.4% | .01 |
| BIPOLAR | GAD | 4 | 8.0 (3.7–17.3) | 65.7% | .01 | 3 | 7.1 (3.4–14.8) | 87.0% | <.001 |
| BIPOLAR | Panic disorder | 3 | 11.6 (8.9–15.0) | 0.0% | .68 | 2 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ |
| BIPOLAR | PTSD | 2 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ | 2 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ |
| BIPOLAR | Social phobia | 3 | 7.9 (6.3–9.9) | 0.0% | .64 | 4 | 3.7 (2.1–6.5) | 83.5% | <.001 |
| BIPOLAR | Specific phobia | 3 | 4.9 (4.1–5.8) | 0.0% | .56 | 2 | ‐a | ‐ | ‐ |
Abbreviations: ANX, broadly defined anxiety disorder, GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; OCD, obsessive‐compulsive disorder; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.
a
Estimates were not pooled if the number of studies are less than 3 for that disorder pair.