FIGURE 7.

Demonstration of multiparametric and multinuclear magnetic resonance on a 54‐year‐old woman with T3N0M0 invasive ductal carcinoma on chemotherapy. At baseline contrast‐enhanced MRI showed a large tumor volume with markedly increased choline level and total tissue sodium concentration. After treatment, there were steady reductions in choline SNR, TSC, and tumor volumes beginning after the first cycle of treatment. At surgery, the patient was determined to have a pathologic complete response (pCR). Representative figure reproduced from Ref. 70 with permission from Elsevier, Academic Radiology.