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. 2021 Mar 22;90(1):131–139. doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01460-3

Table 1.

(A) Clinical characteristics of ELGANS with normal and abnormal white matter (WM) and secondary cortical somatosensory processing in magnetoencephalography (MEG-SII) at term equivalent age. (B) Clinical characteristics of ELGANs with normal and abnormal Hempel examination and developmental quotients (DQ) of Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS) at 2 years of corrected age.

(A)
Patients All (n = 73) WM (n = 69) MEG-SII (n = 39)
Norm. Abnorm. p value Norm. Abnorm. p value
n/total (n, %) 73 43/69 (62%) 26/69 (38%) 25/39 (64%) 14/39 (36%)
GA at birth (weeks; mean, SD) 26.4 (1.2) 26.5 (1.1) 26.1 (1.3) 0.216 26.5 (1.3) 26.6 (1.0) 0.727
Birth weight (g; mean, SD) 867 (179) 866 (175) 868 (190) 0.955 855 (175) 936 (185) 0.182
SGA, <2 SD (n, %) 15 (21%) 10 (23%) 4 (15%) 0.213 8 (32%) 2 (14%) 0.163
Male (n, %) 46 (63%) 22 (51%) 21 (81%) 0.014 10 (40%) 10 (71%) 0.062
Twin (n, %) 17 (23%) 7 (16%) 9 (35%) 0.082 5 (20%) 4 (29%) 0.554
Umbilical artery pH (mean, SD) 7.29 (0.08) 7.29 (0.06) 7.27 (0.11) 0.442 7.30 (0.06) 7.31 (0.06) 0.657
1-min Apgar (score; median, CI) 5 (4.5–5.5) 5 (4.4–5.6) 3 (2.0-4.0) 0.067 5 (5.1–5.9) 6 (5.0–7.0) 0.54
5-min Apgar (score; median, CI) 7 (6.5–7.5) 7 (6.5–7.5) 6 (5.1–6.9) 0.081 6 (5.6–7.4) 7 (6.0–8.0) 0.381
10-min Apgar (score; median, CI) 7 (6.7–7.3) 7 (6.7–7.3) 5 (4.5–5.5) 0.053 7 (6.6–7.4) 8 (7.4–8.6) 0.159
Antenatal steroid(s) (n, %) 72 (99%) 43 (100%) 25 (96%) 0.289 25 (100%) 14 (100%)
Postanal steroid (n, %) 23 (32%) 12 (28%) 11 (42%) 0.175 6 (24%) 4 (29%) 0.481
Surfactant (n, %) 73 (100%) 43 (100%) 26 (100%) 25 (100%) 14 (100%)
RDS (n, %) 52 (71%) 28 (65%) 23 (88%) 0.033 18 (72%) 7 (50%) 0.178
BPD at 36+0 GW (n, %) 33 (45%) 17 (40%) 15 (58%) 0.073 9 (36%) 6 (43%) 0.683
IVH, any (n, %) 30 (41%) 11 (26%) 18 (69%) 0.001 9 (36%) 4 (29%) 0.647
IVH, grades III–IV (n, %) 13 (18%) 2 (5%) 11 (42%) 0.001 4 (16%) 2 (14%) 0.89
Sepsis, (n, %) 37 (51%) 19 (44%) 16 (62%) 0.426 8 (32%) 5 (36%) 0.718
NEC (n, %) 6 (8%) 2 (5%) 3 (12%) 0.584 2 (8%) 1 (7%) 0.71
ROP (n) 22 (30%) 11 (26%) 10 (38%) 0.179 6 (24%) 2 (14%) 0.484
(B)
Patients Hempel (n = 66) GMDS (DQ) (n = 58)
Norm. Abnorm. p value Norm. Abnorm. p value
n/total (n, %) 26/66 (39%) 40/66 (61%) 34/58 (59%) 24/58 (41%)
GA at birth (weeks; mean, SD) 26.3 (1.2) 26.4 (1.2) 0.682 26.5 (1.1) 26.1 (1.2) 0.252
Birth weight (g; mean, SD) 869 (178) 863 (195) 0.897 869 (174) 819 (184) 0.3
SGA, <2 SD (n, %) 5 (19%) 9 (23%) 0.645 9 (26%) 5 (21%) 0.778
Male (n, %) 13 (46%) 30 (75%) 0.017 19 (56%) 16 (67%) 0.417
Twin (n, %) 9 (35%) 7 (18%) 0.116 9 (26%) 3 (13%) 0.202
Umbilical artery pH (mean, SD) 7.29 (0.06) 7.29 (0.09) 0.897 7.28 (0.06) 7.3 (0.11) 0.366
1-min Apgar (score; median, CI) 4 (3.2–4.8) 5.5 (4.8–6.2) 0.968 5 (4.3–5.7) 5.5 (4.6–6.4) 0.97
5-min Apgar (score; median, CI) 7 (6.2–7.8) 7 (6.4–7.6) 0.73 7 (6.3–7.7) 6 (5.1–6.9) 0.111
10-min Apgar (score; median, CI) 7 (6.6–7.4) 7 (6.6–7.4) 0.817 7 (6.7–7.3) 7 (6.5–7.5) 0.967
Antenatal steroid(s) (n, %) 26 (100%) 40 (100%) 0.485 34 (100%) 24 (100%) 0.982
Postanal steroid (n, %) 10 (38%) 10 (25%) 0.485 11 (32%) 7 (29%) 0.897
Surfactant (n, %) 26 (100%) 40 (100%) 34 (100%) 24 (100%)
RDS (n, %) 20 (77%) 27 (68%) 0.417 27 (79%) 14 (58%) 0.085
BPD at 36+0 GW (n, %) 15 (58%) 17 (43%) 0.234 16 (47%) 13 (54%) 0.601
IVH, any (n, %) 10 (38%) 15 (38%) 0.938 12 (35%) 7 (29%) 0.632
IVH, grades III–IV (n, %) 2 (8%) 9 (23%) 0.118 3 (9%) 4 (17%) 0.375
Sepsis (n, %) 13 (50%) 21 (53%) 0.41 16 (47%) 15 (63%) 0.234
NEC (n, %) 1 (4%) 5 (13%) 0.486 2 (6%) 2 (8%) 0.737
ROP (n) 5 (19%) 16 (40%) 0.079 7 (21%) 11 (46%) 0.041

Data are presented as n (%) or mean (SD) or median (95% CI).

Statistically significant p-values are in bold.