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. 2021 Mar 17;41(11):2447–2456. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1681-20.2020

Table 2.

Brain activation during unexpected action and unexpected inhibition

Region Side x y i Z p k
Unexpected action: unexpected go > expected go
    IFG (pars opercularis) R 50 18 28 7.09 <0.001 918
    IFG (pars opercularis, pars triangularis) R 52 32 −8 6.20 <0.001 757
    IFG (pars orbitalis, pars triangularis), insula lobe L −36 22 −6 5.73 <0.001 300
    IFG (pars orbitalis), middle orbital gyrus, superior frontal gyrus L −46 44 −10 5.75 <0.001 317
    Middle frontal gyrus R 42 18 50 4.97 0.012 23
    Middle frontal gyrus, IFG (pars triangularis), precentral gyrus L −44 38 18 6.29 <0.001 999
    Superior frontal gyrus L −20 22 62 4.92 0.015 17
    Superior medial gyrus L −6 36 38 6.17 <0.001 741
    Angular gyrus, inferior parietal lobule R 56 −50 24 6.51 <0.001 733
    Angular gyrus R 32 −64 46 6.66 <0.001 627
    Inferior parietal lobule, superior parietal lobule L −46 −46 42 6.91 <0.001 1572
    Precuneus R 4 −60 50 5.94 <0.001 189
    Middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus R 64 −38 0 6.50 <0.001 681
    Inferior temporal gyrus L −54 −46 −14 5.74 <0.001 148
    Striatum R 8 6 8 3.78 0.031*# 266
    STN R 8 −12 −6 2.31 0.031*# 3
Unexpected inhibition: unexpected nogo > expected nogo
    Insula lobe, IFG (pars orbitalis), middle cingulate cortex, ACC, superior medial gyrus, posterior-medial frontal gyrus R 30 20 −10 inf <0.001 9872
    IFG (pars orbitalis) L −44 44 −6 4.95 0.014 8
    Insula lobe L −36 18 −2 inf <0.001 1365
    Superior orbital gyrus, middle orbital gyrus R 22 50 −14 5.13 0.006 23
    Middle frontal gyrus L −30 52 16 6.60 <0.001 527
    Middle cingulate cortex R 0 −24 30 7.06 <0.001 245
    Middle temporal gyrus R 56 −34 −6 6.48 <0.001 396
    Supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule R 56 −46 32 7.40 <0.001 1422
    Inferior parietal lobule L −52 −48 40 6.96 <0.001 679
    Precuneus R 14 −66 40 4.92 0.015 7
    Cerebellum (VI) R 40 −50 −28 5.79 <0.001 93
    Cerebellum (VI) L −34 −56 −28 6.88 <0.001 434
    Cerebellum (Crus 2) L −26 −74 −42 5.48 0.001 42
    Pallidum L −10 2 2 5.52 0.001 91
    Thalamus L −16 −14 14 4.87 0.019 7
    Caudate nucleus, thalamus R 14 6 10 6.33 <0.001 265
    STN R 10 −10 −6 4.37 <0.001* 3
Conjunction: unexpected action ∩ unexpected inhibition
    IFG (pars orbitalis, pars triangularis) R 48 38 −8 6.08 <0.001 679
    IFG (pars opercularis, pars triangularis), middle frontal gyrus R 50 16 18 5.44 0.001 204
    IFG (pars orbitalis, pars triangularis), insula lobe L −36 22 −6 5.73 <0.001 288
    IFG (pars orbitalis) L −44 44 −6 4.95 0.014 8
    Superior frontal gyrus, superior medial gyrus R 18 50 38 4.83 0.022 7
    Superior medial gyrus L −6 36 38 6.17 <0.001 541
    Supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, inferior parietal lobule R 56 −48 28 6.11 <0.001 419
    Inferior parietal lobule L −48 −48 40 6.35 <0.001 171
    Middle temporal gyrus R 60 −34 −2 5.69 <0.001 246
    Sriatum R 8 6 8 3.78 0.031*# 244
    STN R 8 −12 −6 2.31 0.031*# 3

Local maxima of brain activations during unexpected action (“nogo cue – go target” > “go cue – go target”), unexpected inhibition (“go cue – nogo target” > “nogo cue – nogo target”) and the conjunction of both contrasts in MNI x-, y-, and z-coordinates with associated Z-score (pFWE < 0.05, k > 5) and cluster extent in number of voxel (k). R, right; L, left; * small volume corrected; # not significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.