Table 4.
Main differences between recent published ozone trials on the management of COVID-19 disease when compared to our study
| Variables | Studies | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fernandez-Cuadros et al. [22] | Franzini et al. [18] | Tascini et al. [19] | Araimo et al. [2] | Schwartz et al. [20] | Hernández et al. [21] | |
| Ozone application | Rectal insufflation | Auto hemotherapy | Auto hemotherapy | Auto hemotherapy | Ozonized saline solution | Auto hemotherapy |
| Study design | Case control | Before and after | Case control | Randomized control trial | Before and after | Case control |
| Age ozone group (years) | 84.3 | 75 | 57 | 63 | 55 | 64 |
| Comorbidities ozone group | 4 | 2.5 | 1 | 2.8 | 0.84 | 0.77 |
| Age Control Group (years) | 83 | NR | 65 | 60 | NR | 71 |
| Comorbidities control group | 4.42 | NR | 2 | 2.6 | NR | 1.2 |
| Ozone effect (stimulation) | Lymphocyte count | Leucocyte count | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Ozone effect (down regulation) | CRP, IL-6, LDH, ferritin, fibrinogen, D-dimer | CRP, IL-6, LDH, D-dimer | CRP, IL-6 | CRP, IL-6, LDH, D-dimer | CRP, LDH, ferritin, D-dimer | CRP, LDH, ferritin, D-dimer |
| Length of stay ozone group (days) | 28.58 | 13.45 | NR | NR | 14 | 8 |
| Length of stay control group (days) | 35.67 | 22.15 | NR | NR | 68 | 28 |
| Mortality ozone group (%) | 8.3 | NR | 0 | NR | 0 | 11 |
| Mortality control group (%) | 16.6 | NR | 7 | NR | 20.7 | 22 |
LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C-reactive protein; NR, not referenced