Table 1.
Characteristics of 389 individuals from the 33 ABiF families, the 161 unrelated bipolar cases (CCBD), and the 277 unrelated controls (CCcontrols)
| FAMBD (n = 166) |
FAMMDD (n = 78) |
FAMunaffected (n = 145) |
CCBD (n = 161) |
CCcontrols (n = 277) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age at interview (MAD) | 40.5 (12.5) | 44.5 (11.5) | 44 (15)d | 44 (11)d |
43 (6)b,c Missing = 3 |
| Median age at onset (MAD) |
20 (5)c Missing = 3 |
26 (8)a Missing = 1 |
23 (6)a | ||
| Female sex n (%) | 103 (62.1)b,d | 54 (69.2)b,d | 51 (35.2)a,c,d | 91 (56.5)b | 132 (47.7)a,b |
| Married-in n (%) | 0 (100.0) | 8 (10.0) | 36 (24.8) | ||
| Educational level | |||||
| Primary school | 118 (71.5)c | 53 (68.0) | 102 (70.3)c | 88 (54.7)a,b | |
| Secondary school | 39 (23.6)c | 18 (23.1)c | 36 (24.8)c | 58 (36.0)a,b | |
| University degree | 8 (4.9) | 7 (9.0) | 7 (4.8) | 15 (9.3) | |
| Missing = 1 | |||||
| Severe impairment during disorder |
105 (65.6)c Missing = 6 |
4 (5.6)a,c Missing = 6 |
160 (99.4)a | ||
| History of psychosis | 110 (66.3)c | 4 (5.1)a,c | 159 (98.8)a | ||
| History of suicide attempts | 41 (24.7)b | 2 (2.6)a,c |
1 (0.7)a,c Missing = 1 |
40 (24.8)b | |
Six unaffected individuals with a history of substance abuse were excluded from the analyses and are not shown in this table. Age and age at onset were analysed using Mann–Whitney U-tests; median and median absolute deviation (MAD) are shown. Categorical values were analysed using chi-squared (χ²) tests with two degrees (education) or one degree (other) of freedom; number (n) and percentage (%) of subjects are shown. Missing: number of individuals with missing data. All subjects passed QC in the FAM sample (numbers as shown in the table), but 11 family members were excluded during QC of the joint sample, therefore reported numbers differ slightly between comparisons. Note that the unaffected, married-in family members were excluded from analyses of the combined data set (FAM + CC sample) unless specified otherwise. Differences between the following groups were at least nominally significant (for details and p-values adjusted for multiple testing see Supplementary Table 1)
aDifferent from FAMBD
bDifferent from FAMunaffected
cDifferent from CCBD
dDifferent from CCcontrols