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. 2020 Sep 23;162(5):1578–1585. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002080

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Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Pain.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 1. — Twenty-seven–year trajectories of pain, using continuous measures, before dementia diagnosis. Noncase; case. Estimated from linear mixed models adjusted for age at year 0, sex, education, ethnicity, marital status, dementia status, slope terms (time, time², and time³), interaction of these covariates with slope terms, birth cohort, pain medication use, multimorbidity index, and depression assessed at the time of pain measurement. Estimates came from Margins command in STATA. Higher scores correspond to higher pain.

Inline graphic — Twenty-seven–year trajectories of pain, using continuous measures, before dementia diagnosis. Noncase; case. Estimated from linear mixed models adjusted for age at year 0, sex, education, ethnicity, marital status, dementia status, slope terms (time, time², and time³), interaction of these covariates with slope terms, birth cohort, pain medication use, multimorbidity index, and depression assessed at the time of pain measurement. Estimates came from Margins command in STATA. Higher scores correspond to higher pain.