Table 1.
Published clinical trials using (combinatorial) immunotherapy in PDAC patients
| Author | Type of immunotherapy | Phase trial | NTC-numbers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Checkpoint blockade as monotherapy or double therapy with or without chemo- or radiotherapy | |||
| O'Reilly et al. [17] | anti-PD-1 (Durvalumab) ± anti-CTLA-4 (Tremelimumab) | II | NCT02558894 |
| Brahmer et al. [18] | anti-PD-L1 | I | NCT00729664 |
| Royal et al. [19] | anti-CTLA-4 (Ipilimumab) | II | NCT00112580 |
| Patnaik et al. [20] | anti-PD-1 (Pembrolizumab (MK-3475)) | I | NCT01295827 |
| Le et al. [21] | anti-PD-1 | II | NCT01876511 |
| Aglietta et al. [85] | anti-CTLA-4 (Tremelimumab (CP-675,206)) ± gemcitabine | I | NCT00556023 |
| Weiss et al. [86] | anti-PD-1 (Pembrolizumab) + Gemcitabine (± Docetaxel or nab-Paclitaxel or Vinorelbine or Irinotecan or Liposomal Doxorubicin) | Ib | NCT02331251 |
| Weiss et al. [87] | anti-PD-1 (Pembrolizumab) + Gemcitabine + nab-Paclitaxel | Ib/II | NCT02331251 |
| Cancer vaccines | |||
| Lutz et al. [103] | GVAX | II | NCT00084383 |
| Le et al. (2010) | GVAX + CRS207 | Ib | NCT01417000 |
| Le et al. [107] | GVAX + CRS207 | IIb | NCT02004262 |
| Le et al. [109] | anti-CTLA-4 (Ipilimumab) + GVAX | Ib | NCT00836407 |
| Sonntag et al. [114] | Neoepitope-derived multipeptide vaccines | N/A | |
| Gjertsen et al. [116] | RAS peptide vaccination | I | CTN RAS 95002 |
| Suzuki et al. [118] | KIF20A/VEGFR1/VEGFR2 peptide vaccination | II | |
| Miyazawa et al. [119] | KIF20A/VEGFR1/VEGFR2 peptide vaccination | II | |
| Middleton et al. [112] | Telomerase peptide vaccine GV1001 | III | ISRCTN4382138 |
| Oncolytic viruses | |||
| Mulvihill et al. [128] | Adenovirus (ONYX-015) | I | |
| Hecht et al. [129] | Adenovirus (ONYX-015) | I/II | |
| Nakao et al. [130] | Oncolytic virus (HF10 ) | I | |
| Hirooka et al. [131] | Oncolytic virus (HF10 ) | I | |
| Adoptive T cell therapies | |||
| Thistlethwaite et al. [149] | Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEACAM5)-specific CAR T cells | I | |
| Beatty et al. [150] | Mesothelin-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells | I | |
| CD40 antibodies | |||
| Beatty et al. [158] | CD40 monoclonal antibody (CP-870,893) | I | NCT00711191 |
| O'Hara et al. [159] | CD40 monoclonal antibody (APX005M) ± anti-PD-1 (Nivolumab) | I | NCT02482168 |
| Targeting the stromal barrier | |||
| Melisi et al. [168] | TGF-β Receptor I Kinase inhibitor (Galunisertib) + anti-PD-L1 (Durvalumab) | Ib | NCT02734160 |
| Richeldi et al. [174] | anti-Connective Tissue Growth Factor (Pamrevlumab) | II | NCT01890265 |
| Hingorani et al. [178] | PEGylated Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase | Ib | NCT01453153 |
| Hingorani et al. [179] | PEGylated Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase | II | NCT01839487 |
| Ramanathan et al. [180] | PEGylated Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase | Ib/II | NCT01959139 |